Progress in the physical simulation experiment of thrust structures and positive inversion structures
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摘要: 冲断构造和正反转构造是我国西部叠合盆地中典型的构造样式，其构造物理模拟实验是研究和模拟自然界冲断构造（正反转构造）变形特征和动力学过程的一种有效的实验方法。在查阅大量相关资料的基础上，本文概述了物理模拟实验的发展历史，以及国内外在实验理论、实验技术和从二维到三维转变等方面的研究现状。目前，构造物理模拟实验已被广泛应用于构造地质学、石油构造地质学等众多研究领域，是油气勘探研究由定性描述跨入半定量—定量分析的有效途径之一。本文分别阐述了冲断构造和正反转构造在近年来取得的进展：1）在冲断构造物理模拟实验方面，介绍了双指向冲断构造和推覆体、地表作用对冲断构造的影响以及冲断构造中地层缩短量和应变等3方面的进展；2）在正反转构造物理模拟实验方面主要讲述了基底对反转构造演化型式的制约以及反转临界条件的三维构造模拟取得的进展。同时，认为物理模拟在未来的发展过程中应紧密结合数值模拟、高精度成像技术和数据采集技术等。作为研究构造变形机制的重要媒介，冲断构造物理模拟在塑性变形对冲断构造的影响、如何反映现代构造地质学成果以及模拟过程中如何加入化学物质迁移等问题方面仍存在不足。此外，高端实验室的建设和模拟技术也是构造物理模拟实验面临的一个问题。Abstract: Thrust structures and positive inversion structures are both typical structure styles in the superimposition basins of western China. The physical simulation experiment is an effective method to study the geometries and the dynamics of the thrust structure(positive inversion structure).On the basis of consulting massive correlation data,this article summaries the development of these experiments,the present situation of the domestic and foreign studies including the theory,technique and transformation from 2D to 3D. At present,experiments of structural modeling have been widely applied to structural geology and petroleum structural geology as well as petroleum prospecting research,and it is one of the effective ways in which the oil/gas exploration research strides in semi-quantitative analysis and even the quantitative analysis from the qualitative description. This articleexpounds the large progress in the physical modeling of thrust structures and positive inversion structures:about the thrust structure physical simulation experiment,it introduces three aspects of progress,such asdoubly verge thrust wedges and thrust sheet,the affect of surficial process and layer-parallel shortening(LPS)and strain, at the aspect of positive inversion structure physical simulation experiment,it recommends the 3D model progress about the restriction of basement and reverse critical condition to the evolution of positive inversion structures. Simultaneity,it is believed in this article that the future development of physical simulation experiment should be combined tightly with numerical simulation,image and data acquisition technique. As an important media of researching the mechanism of structural mechanism,thrust tectonic physical modeling still has its insufficiency on the aspects of how the plastic deformation influence the thrust structures,how to reflect the modern structural geology,and how to mix chemicals in the simulation process,and so on. Furthermore,the experiments of structural modeling also face the problem of constructing advanced laboratories and finding new simulation technology.
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