Cenozoic characteristics and transformation mechanism of fault system in Zhu-1 depression, South China
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摘要: 运用丰富的三维地震资料, 在断裂体系静态刻画与动态分析的基础上, 分析珠一坳陷新生代断裂发育的时空差异性, 并就断裂转型机制进行探讨.结果表明: 断裂体系发育差异性及转型受控于不同区域动力学背景及岩石圈的差异伸展机制.裂陷期(E2w-E2e), 控盆断裂由始新世的北北东、北东—北东东向向近东西、北西西向转变, 岩石圈伸展作用由宽裂谷方式向窄裂谷方式转变以及由陆(北)向海(南)的迁移, 造成了断裂活动北强南弱及其向北扩展, 推测是因为印支地块的旋转挤出和古南海的俯冲导致区域应力场由北西向顺时针转变为近南北向拉张, 进而产生了断裂的幕式特征变化; 裂后拗陷期(E3z—N1z-N1h), 断裂活动微弱, 推测与岩石圈伸展中心逐渐向南迁移至南海扩张中心, 南海北部陆缘整体处于裂后沉降阶段有关; 构造活化期(N1y-N2w—Q), 先期北西西向、近东西向控盆断裂复活, 近东西、北东和北西向走滑断裂形成, 推测与弧—陆碰撞作用产生的北东东向右旋走滑作用有关.现今断裂体系特征体现了多期构造运动的叠加效应, 明确断裂发育的时空差异性对于珠一坳陷油气勘探具有重要指导意义.Abstract: Based on static characterization and dynamic analysis of the Cenozoic fault system characteristics in Zhu-1 depression, this paper analyzed spatio-temporal difference of fault system by using abundant 3D seismic data, and then discussed its transformation mechanism. The results showed that the difference and transformation of fault system were controlled by different regional dynamic backgrounds and lithospheric difference extension mechanisms. During rift stage(E2w-E2e), the strikes of basin-controlling faults changed from NNE and NE-NEE-trending to EW and NWW-trending. And lithospheric extension changed from wide rift system to narrow rift system and migrated from land(north)to ocean(south)as well, which resulted in the northward migration of faulting and faults in the south was less active than that in the north. It might attribute to the rotating extrusion of Indochina block and subduction of proto-South China Sea, which led to the clockwise rotation of regional tensional stress from NW-trending to NS-trending and the episodic evolution of the faults. While during depression stage(E3z—N1z-N1h), the activity of fault was weak, it might because the extensional center of lithosphere had migrated southward to spreading center of the South China Sea and the northern margin of the South China Sea was in the stage of post-rift subsidence. Then in tectonic activation stage(N1y-N2w—Q), NWW and subparallel EW pre-existing faults reactivated and the strike slip faults formed, which might be due to the NEE-trending dextral strike slipping resulted from arc-continent collision. Therefore, the characteristics of current fault system reflects the superimposed effect of multistage tectonism, and the identification of temporal and spatial differences of faults could be used as an important guideline for the oil and gas exploration in Zhu-1 depression.
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