Abstract: The study area, Wulian hilly land, is characteristic of undulating hills and located on the SE edge of the peninsular area of Shandong. Rivers in SE Shandong, originated from the western mountains, are mostly short and rapidly flowing. Flooding is common in low-lying areas. It has a continental monsoon type of sub-humid, warm temperate climate with an annual precipitation of 650~800mm and temperature of about 11~12℃. There is a great difference in the seasonal distribution of rainfall. Summer rainfall can be torrential, and annual variability in precipitation can be great. From the phytogeographical point of view, the study area corresponds to the broadleaf-deciduous and mixed forest of the warm temperate zone. In such a zone, the potential natural vegetation should be composed of Quercus and Pinus, except in the coastal area with some salt-tolerant plants. Today, mainly due to human activities however, oak trees are present only in the mountainous areas above 500m. The hilly land and coastal plain are mainly used for cultivation. The Liangchengzhen Site is located on the SW side of the Beixiahe River, a few hundred meters from the confluence of that river with the larger Chaohe River. After systematic regional survey and excavations carried out by Chinese archaeologists from Shandong University and American archaeologists from Chicago Field Museum and Yale University, a clear ancient settlement hierarchy in the region was identified, with Liangchengzhen as the largest town of the hierarchy. By prospecting and test excavation, it is clear that the moat is composed of three circles made at different times, the outer, the later. Some waterlogged timber has been discovered in the inner and middle circles at the location of trench T021 and T050. No radiocarbon date has been available yet, but the contextual associations and the pottery assemblage indicate that the age is of the early and middle Longshan Culture (4600~4200cal.aB.P.). Some charcoal pieces were also been discovered from the sediment of the moat. Both waterlogged wood and charcoal specimens can provide information on plant communities used by residents.In the laboratory, every waterlogged wood and charcoal fragment was fractured manually and the anatomical features were observed under a dissecting microscope with reflected light. SEM was applied when characters observed by light microscope is not sufficient. Identifications were achieved by comparison of the material with a reference collection and modern wood atlases. Due to the poor preservation of carbonized archaeological material it is not always possible to identify to the species level.The following woody taxa were recovered from the Liangchengzhen Site: oak (Quercus acutissima), Seberian Alder (Alnus sibirica), Birch-leaved pear (Pyrus betulaefolia), and hairy-bamboo (Phyllostachys sp.). Based on this list, we suggest that, during the Longshan Period climate of the the area around the Liangchengzhen Site might be warmer than that of the present day. The results also indicate that these landscape units were the probable source origin of the species used as construction materials and fuel.