四川石棉公益海温泉水文地球化学特征

doi:10.12196/j.issn.1000-3274.2021.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用水文地球化学数据建立温泉水文循环模型, 探讨温泉水文地球化学变化与地震的关系, 对中强地震短临流体异常判断具有重要的意义。通过对石棉公益海温泉水常量元素、微量元素和氢氧同位素以及锶同位素的测量, 探讨了该区域水文地球化学时空变化特征。因此, 于2008年10月至2019年9月, 共对公益海温泉采集水样206个, 并对温泉水中离子组分和浓度, 温泉逸出气组分、温泉气体同位素、碳同位素和氢氧同位素含量进行测量。分析结果表明: ① 公益海温泉主要为Na-HCO₃·Cl型水, δD、 δ¹⁸O同位素测值分别为-14.19‰~-14.83‰和-108.67‰~-110.47‰, 分布于大气降水线附近, 说明温泉水主要源于大气降水; ② 据SiO₂地温计计算热储温度约94.12℃, 循环深度约4.3 km, 表明大气降水入渗地下, 在热源加热后, 沿着断层和裂隙循环到地表, 形成温泉补给; 并且, 锶同位素和微量元素研究发现, ⁸⁷Sr和⁸⁶Sr主要来自硅酸盐类矿物, 微量元素含量较低, 水岩反应程度较弱; ③ 通过对研究区进行长时间连续观测发现, 在公益海周围300 km范围内的3个五级以上的地震使温泉水中常量元素的浓度, 分别出现了震前异常、同震响应和震后效应。推测这可能是因为公益海温泉位于公益海断裂和安宁河断裂的交会区, 推测周围的地震会触发公益海温泉水中的离子地球化学特征产生变化。结合已有地质资料与公益海温泉水文地球化学数据, 建立公益海断裂带温泉水文循环模型, 这些对公益海断裂带周围未来中强地震短临流体异常判断具有重要的意义。

关键词: 温泉, 同位素, 水文地球化学, 地震, 石棉

Abstract: It is of great significance to judge the short impending fluid anomaly of the moderate-strong earthquake.By using hydrogeochemical data, the hydrologic cycle model of hot springs was established to explore the relationship between hydrogeochemical changes and earthquakes in hot spring. The spatial-temporal variations of groundwater chemical types and their genesis were discussed by measuring ion concentration, trace element, hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions and Strontium isotope in the Gongyihai fault zone in Sichuan Province. From October 2008 to September 2019, 206 water samples were collected from Gongyihai hot spring in the Gongyihai Fault zone, and their hydrogeochemical characteristics were investigated. The results show that ① Hot spring water samples are Na-HCO₃·Cl types. Stable isotope values (-108.67 ‰～-110.47 ‰ and -14.19 ‰～-14.83 ‰) distributed near the atmospheric precipitation line, indicating that the hot spring water mainly points to a meteoric origin; ② SiO₂ (42.7 mg/L) values of the geothermal water indicated that those spring water was followed by interaction between water and rock during circulation with a probable mix of earth's surface water, and the circulation depth of hot spring was about 4.3 km; ③ Pre-earthquake anomaly, coseismic response and post earthquake anomaly in three M_S5.0 earthquakes within the scale 300 km in hot spring fluids, through the mobile observation of the study area. Gongyihai hot spring is located at the intersection of Gongyihai fault zone and Anninghe fault zone, the surrounding earthquakes will influence the ion concentration changes of Gongyihai hot spring. Therefore, a hydrogeochemical model was proposed for the geochemical system on the basis of the geochemical data of hot springs combined with the geology and hydrogeology of the study area. These are of great significance to the short-term fluid anomaly judgment of future moderate and strong earthquakes around the Gongyihai fault zone.

Key words: Hot spring, Isotope, Hydrogeochemistry, Earthquake, Shimian

中图分类号:

P315.72

石宏宇, 王万丽, 周晓成, 颜玉聪, 李鹏飞, 姜莉, 陈志. 四川石棉公益海温泉水文地球化学特征[J]. 地震, 2021, 41(1): 93-115.

SHI Hong-yu, WANG Wan-li, ZHOU Xiao-cheng, YAN Yu-cong, LI Peng-fei, JIANG Li, CHEN Zhi. Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Gongyihai Hot Spring, in Shimian County, Sichuan Province[J]. EARTHQUAKE, 2021, 41(1): 93-115.

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