By using the high temporal resolution temperature profile data observed from multichannel microwave radiometer over the ricewheat rotation cropping field observation site at Shouxian from July 2015 through May 2016, the atmospheric boundary layer heights are calculated with the potential temperature gradient method, and the diurnal, monthly, and seasonal variation characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer heights are studied in this paper. It is found that the atmospheric boundary layer heights have a typical diurnal variation in fine weather, which is almost in the same phase of the diurnal temperature variation. During a day, the average largest height usually appears in afternoon, with the largest value in August (greater than 1520 meters) and smallest value in January (520 meters). The atmospheric boundary layer heights also show a seasonal cycle: the smallest in winter (322 meters), and the second smallest in autumn (377 meters), the second largest in spring (436 meters), and the largest in summer (499 meters). The atmospheric boundary layer height calculated from the temperature observations is 258 meters (346 meters) greater than the value from the FNL (ERAInterim) data during the daytime (i.e., 08:00-19:00 local time), while it is 144 meters (102 meters) smaller than the value from the FNL (ERAInterim data) during the nighttime (i.e., 19:00-8:00 local time).