| 吴兑,吴晓京,李菲,谭浩波,陈静,曹治强,孙弦,陈欢欢,李海燕. 2010. 1951—2005年中国大陆霾的时空变化[J]. 气象学报, 68(5):680-688, doi:10.11676/qxxb2010.066 |
| 1951—2005年中国大陆霾的时空变化 |
| Temporal and spatial variation of haze during 1951-2005 in Chinese mainland |
| 投稿时间：2008-05-16 修订日期：2009-04-07 |
| DOI：10.11676/qxxb2010.066 |
| 中文关键词: 中国大陆, 霾, 长期变化 |
| 英文关键词:Chinese mainland, Haze, Long term variation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(U0733004、40375002、40418008、40775011),“863” 课题(2006AA06A306、2006AA06A308),“973” 课题(2005CB422207) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 霾的出现有重要的空气质量指示意义。而雾的记录，有明确的天气指示意义。由于经济规模的迅速扩大和城市化进程的加快，中国大陆都市霾天气日趋严重。利用1951—2005年中国大陆743个地面气象站资料分析中国大陆霾的长期变化趋势，结果表明：霾的地理分布特点是，从1956年到1980年中国霾日都比较少，仅四川盆地和新疆南部超过50天；20世纪80年代以后中国霾日明显增加，到21世纪大陆东部大部分地区几乎都超过100天，其中大城市区域超过150天,与经济活动密切相关。霾日排在前10位的依次是沈阳、河北邢台、重庆市区、辽宁本溪、西安、成都、四川遂宁、湖北老河口、新疆和田、且末、民丰、四川内江，主要集中在辽宁中部、四川盆地、华北平原和关中平原地区,以及受沙尘暴影响较多的南疆地区。就中国大陆而言，12和1月霾天气日数明显偏多，2个月霾日数的总和达到了全年的30%；9月霾天气日数最少，约占全年的5%。具有霾日增加变化趋势的站点主要分布在中国的东部和南部，包括华北、黄淮、江淮、江南、江汉、华南以及西南地区东部，是中国东部一些经济和工业比较发达的地区。具有霾日减少变化趋势的站点主要分布在东北、内蒙古和西北地区东部。这些地方的经济和工业水平相对滞后，东北地区作为老工业基地，但近年来工业结构的调整和环境治理的改善使当地的霾日数逐渐减少。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Haze is an important indicator of air quality and, on the other hand, fog has definite meaning indicative of weather. With the rapid expansion of economic scale and acceleration of urbanization, hazy weather is getting more and more serious in cities across Chinese mainland. Long term trends and variation of haze have been obtained by studying meteorological data from 743 surface weather stations in Chinese mainland for the period between 1951 and 2005. In terms of geographical distribution, hazy days were relatively few across the nation from 1956 to 1980 with the exception in the Sichuan Basin and the southern Xinjiang where haze exceeds 50 days per year. The number of haze days increased dramatically since 1980s, and surpass 100 days over most of the eastern part of Chinese mainland and more than 150 days in metropolitan areas at the end of last century, indicating strong linkage between haze days and economic activities. The top 10 cities with the most haze days are as follows, Shenyang, Xingtai, Chongqing, Benxi, Xi’an, Chengdu, Suining, Laohekou, Hetian, Qiemo, Minfeng, and Neijiang. Most of these cities are located in central Liaoning, the Sichuan Basin, the North China Plain, the Guanzhong Plain and the southern part of Xinjiang where is less affected by the sand storm. On the national scale, haze weather is more frequently observed in December and January than the other months, which account for 30% of the annual hazy days. September is the month with the least number of haze days, only contributes 5% to the annual hazy days. The weather stations that show an increasing trend of haze days are mainly located in the eastern and southern parts of the China, which are among the most developed zones in economy and industry. The weather stations in which a decreasing trend of haze days is observed are mainly located in the northeastern and northwestern China, due to the relatively laggard economy and industry. The northeastern China is one of the earlier regions to industrialize in China, but the achievements of recent years in industrial structure adjustment and environmental improvement have contributed to the gradual decreasing haze days in this region. |
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