| 李立娟,王斌. 2009. 两种对流参数化方案对辐射能量收支的影响研究[J]. 气象学报, 67(6):1080-1088, doi:10.11676/qxxb2009.104 |
| 两种对流参数化方案对辐射能量收支的影响研究 |
| Influence of two convection schemes on the radiative energy budget |
| 投稿时间：2009-12-01 修订日期：2009-12-14 |
| DOI：10.11676/qxxb2009.104 |
| 中文关键词: 对流参数化方案， 云量， 云光学厚度， 云短波辐射强迫 |
| 英文关键词:Convection parameterization, Cloud fraction, Cloud optical thickness, Shortwave cloud radiative forcing |
| 基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-Q11-04)、财政部/ 科技部公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY200806007、GYHY200806006、GYHY2009060 20)、中国科学院“十一五”信息化专项“超级计算环境建设与应用”（INFO-115-B01） 、中国科学院大气物理研究所LASG自由探索项目。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室的格 点大气环流模式（GAMIL）1.0版设计了两组数值模拟实验来研究两种不同的对流参数化方案对辐射能量收支的影响。这两种对流参数化方案分别是：Zhang and McFarlance/Hack方 案(简称ZM)和Tiedtke/Nordeng方案(简称TN)。对应的数值 模拟实验分别取名为EX-ZM和EX-TN。通过对实验结果的分析表明：在对流过程中，EX-ZM允许深对流和浅对流同时发生，因此两种对流同时在模式低层消耗了更多的水汽，释放了更多的潜热，引起了更大的增温；EX-TN每次只允许一种对流发生，也就避免了不同类 型的对流在同一层同时消耗水汽的现象。因此对流过后，EX-ZM的环境空气相对湿度较小，而EX-TN周围空气的相对湿度较大，有利于低云云量的生成和大尺度的凝结，因此EX- TN模拟的低云云量偏多，低层的云水含量偏高，模式低层的云光学厚度偏大，这就使得EX-TN中更多的太阳短波辐射通量被云反射掉，严重低估了模式对短波波段的辐射通量的模拟 。此外，不同的对流参数化方案通过改变云的长波发射率和降水，进而影响了模式对长波波 段的辐射通量、感热和潜热通量的模拟。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The Grid point Atmospheric Model of the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Model ing for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), version 1.0 (GAMIL1.0) was used to investigate impac ts of two different convective schemes on the energy budget. The two convective schemes are presented by Zhang and McFarlance/Hack (ZM) and Tiedtke/Nordeng (T N). Two simulations are performed: one with the ZM scheme (EX -ZM) and the other with the TN scheme (EX-TN). The results indicate that, during the convective process, the assumption that the deep and shallow co nvection clouds can happen at the same time in the ZM scheme is the main reason for more consumption of vapor and more release of heat in the low layers in EX-ZM, while only one type of convection is allowed to take place in the TN scheme . Hence, the relative humidity of the atmosphere in EX-TN is larger than that in EX_ZM after the convection. The relative humidity of the atmosphere is very i mportant for cloud formation and cloud microphysics processes: the larger the re lative humidity is, the more cloud and more condensation there are. Therefore th e moister atmosphere favors low cloud formation and large scale condensation, a nd mo re low cloud fraction, cloud water mixing ratio and deeper cloud extinction opti cal depth are simulated, reflecting more solar radiation flux in EX-TN. This explains why the TN scheme underestimates the net shortwave radiation flux at the top of the atmosphere and at surface. In addition, convection influences longwave radiative, surface sensible and latent heat fluxes through changes in cloud emi ssivity and precipitation. |
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