| 陆尔,丁一汇,M. Murakami,K. Takahashi. 1997. 1991年江淮特大暴雨的降水性质与对流活动[J]. 气象学报, 55(3):318-333, doi:10.11676/qxxb1997.032 |
| 1991年江淮特大暴雨的降水性质与对流活动 |
| NATURE OF PRECIPITATION AND ACTIVITY OF CUMULUS CONVECTION DURING THE 1991 MEIYU SEASON |
| 投稿时间：1996-01-03 修订日期：1996-07-05 |
| DOI：10.11676/qxxb1997.032 |
| 中文关键词: 视热源视水汽汇 TBB资料 降水性质 积云对流 江淮梅雨 |
| 英文关键词:Apparent heat source/apparent moisture sink TBB data Precipitation nature Cumulus convection Meiyu |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金49335061;中日亚洲季风机制项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 从计算大尺度热源和分析TBB资料两个方面,阐述了1991年江淮梅雨期间降水性质与对流活动的季节性演变特征.结果表明:梅雨期间江淮上空3个强上升运动时段分别形成了3场暴雨,由暴雨释放的热量使江淮大气出现了3个时段的强加热;3场暴雨的降水性质呈显着的季节性演变,由第1场暴雨以锋面性降水为主发展到第3场暴雨异常强的对流性降水.文中详细分析了热源和水汽汇的时空分布特征,并从大气运动场和热力结构讨论了盛夏强对流降水期间积云对流以涡动形式对热量和水汽的强铅直输送作用.江淮地区TBB值能很好地反映降水状况,雨期一致地对应于TBB低于250K的时段.梅雨中后期东亚地区对流活动季节性地增强,带状对流区(特别是TBB高负距平区)与雨带位置相符.对流带位置及对流活动强弱与西南暖湿气流活动密切相关,它很好地表征了东亚地区的低空急流(给积云输送热带对流大气).梅雨期间对流带主要出现在江淮流域,但可在东亚范围内飘移,它落在江淮与否则决定了江淮暴雨的维持与中断. |
| 英文摘要: |
| Seasonal variability regarding the nature of precipitation and the activity of cumulus convection during the 1991 Meiyu season of Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin (Jianghuai) has been investigated by calculating apparent heat source/apparent moisture sink and analyzing TBB data. It is found that three periods of strong ascending motion during the Meiyu season lead to three episodes of heavy rain, and the latent heat due to precipitation is of the sole heat source of the atmosphere over Jianghuai during the three rain episodes. The nature of precipitation shows distinct seasonal variability, from frontal precipitation of the first episode to the extremely strong convective precipitation of the third episode. The spatial and temporal distributions of Q1 and Q2 which describe the strong vertical eddy heat and moisture transport during the mid-late stage of the Meiyu are presented in detail. |
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