| 张秀芝,吴迅英,何金海. 2004. 中国土壤湿度的垂直变化特征[J]. 气象学报, 62(1):51-61, doi:10.11676/qxxb2004.006 |
| 中国土壤湿度的垂直变化特征 |
| VERTICAL CHARACTER OF SOIL MOISTURE IN CHINA |
| 投稿时间：2003-07-16 修订日期：2003-09-15 |
| DOI：10.11676/qxxb2004.006 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤湿度 垂直分布 年际变化 |
| 英文关键词:Soil moisture Vertical distribution Interannual change |
| 基金项目:南京气象学院KLME开放试验室;中国气象局气候研究实验室开放课题 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 使用中国57个站1981～2000年0～100cm的土壤湿度资料,逐站进行了垂直方向土壤湿度的诊断分析,根据湿度的垂直分布形态归纳为3种主要类型:夏季均匀型、急剧变化型和季节差异型;分析土壤湿度的年际变化发现:多数测站湿度的距平符号在垂直方向是一致的,变化趋势以长时间持续干和湿以及3～4a振荡周期为主;进一步对干和湿期土壤湿度和降水量进行合成,发现湿期和干期的土壤湿度垂直分布多数情况下保持了气候态的基本特征,湿期减干期的土壤湿度差与降水差有很好的对应关系。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Towards the vertical characteristics of soil moisture,a series of analyses were carried out,based on the moisture data of layer 0-100 cm soil collected at 57 meteorological stations from 1981-2000 in China.According to the distribution of moisture along the vertical direction,the changes in soil moisture can be categorized in to 3 types:(1)summer vertical uniformly distributed,rapid verticaly changing,and seasonally differencing type.The main characteristics of the first type are low moisture in summer seasons and relative uniformity in distribution,as well as certain differences in vertical direction in the spring and fall seasons.This type is mainly seen in Xinjiang and Ningxia Autonomous Regions,the east of Gansu and Henan provinces,where the soil is loam or sand soil;(2)The rapid vertically changing type locates in areas known as moisture jumping layer(defined as the layer where perennialy existing the largest vertical difference in soil moisture),which the moisture in the top is smaller than the bottom layer.Based on the density of vertical gradients and relative depth,there are three subgroups,which are large upper vertical gradient,large middle and lower vertical gradient,as well as uniformly distributed vertical gradient.This type is mainly distributed in Guangxi Autonomous Regions,Inter section area of Yellow River and Huai River,and some areas in the Northeast China where different upper and lower soil layer are found;(3)Seasonally differencing type,appears mainly in northern areas where the soil is frozen during the winter seasons.Although this type is characterized by larger soil moisture in middle and upper layers during the winter seasons,the depth of the high-humid layer differs from soil in different areas and with different compositions. |
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