| 江静,钱永甫. 2000. 南海地区降水的时空特征[J]. 气象学报, 58(1):60-69, doi:10.11676/qxxb2000.006 |
| 南海地区降水的时空特征 |
| THE GENERAL CHARACTER OF PRECIPITATION OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA |
| 投稿时间：1997-10-30 修订日期：1998-11-24 |
| DOI：10.11676/qxxb2000.006 |
| 中文关键词: 南海季风 降水 小波分析 低频振荡 |
| 英文关键词:South China Sea monsoon Precipitation Wavelet transform Low-frequency oscillations |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目“中国区域气候变化分析和机理研究”(49735170);国家重点基础研究发展规划资助(G1998040900第 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 文中利用美国NCEP重分析资料中的1979～1995年17a逐旬的全球降水资料,采用小波分析方法分析了南海地区降水的多时间层次和多空间层次结构,研究了南海季风的爆发及时间演变,探讨了南海季风爆发的机制。结果表明:(1)南海季风爆发于5月中旬,季风爆发过程实际上是小范围(32个经度)降水向大范围(64个经度)降水调整的过程,一旦出现较强的大范围降水,并到达南海地区,就爆发了南海季风,调整完毕则是印度季风和东亚季风的相继爆发。(2)在10°N以北的地区,季风最早发生在南海,然后逐渐西移到印度,达到印度季风最盛期后,迅速东撤。(3)南海地区可分为3个区域:北部(20～22°N)、中部(10～20°N)和南部(10°N以南)。南海雨季主要发生在10°N以北的北部和中部,北部雨季是平稳增强的单峰型,而中部雨季是突发性的,雨季内降水起伏较大。(4)南海季风区有很强的年变化,30～60d和20～30d的变化也比较显著,还有3个月左右的周期变化。除年振荡以外,各种周期振荡随时间变化较大,在雨季表现得最强烈。(5)南海季风的爆发与20～30d和30～60d两种低频振荡有关。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| By using wavelet transform method to the 10-day precipitation rate of the NCEP reanalyzes data for the 17-year period from 1979 to 1995, the multi-hierarchy structures in time and space of precipitation over the South China Sea (SCS) are studied. The onset and development of the SCS monsoon are analyzed, and the onset mechanism of the SCS monsoon is discussed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The onset of the SCS monsoon occurs around mid-May. The onset process is that the small range (32 longitudes) precipitation adjusts to the large range (64 longitudes) precipitation. Once the large precipitation takes place and arrives at the SCS, it is the onset of the SCS monsoon. After the adjustment, onsets of the Indian monsoon and the Eastasian monsoon begin in succession. (2) To the north of 10°N,the monsoon onset first occurs in the SCS, then propagates westward gradually to India. (3) The SCS region can be divided into three subregions:the northern (20～22°N), the middle (10～20°N) and the southern (to the south of 10°N). (4) In the area of the SCS monsoon,the annual cycle is very evident, and the oscillations of 30～60d and 20～30d are also evident. Besides these, there is a period of around 3-month. (5) The onset of the SCS monsoon is the result of the interaction between the low-frequency oscillations of 20～30d and 30～60d. |
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