| 引用本文: | 张才学,孙省利,谢伟良,谢少英,詹冬玲,张瑜斌,张际标,陈春亮.徐闻珊瑚礁区浮游植物的季节变化.海洋与湖沼,2009,40(2):159-165. |
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| 摘要: |
| 2006 年8 月—2007 年4 月对广东省徐闻珊瑚礁区的浮游植物进行了周年的季节调查, 结果共检出浮游植物262 种(包括变种和变型): 春季82 种、夏季117 种、秋季119 种、冬季141 种, 其中硅藻门67 属252 种, 甲藻门5 属8 种, 蓝藻门1 属2 种。优势种共有37 种: 春季8 种、夏季7 种、秋季9 种、冬季13 种, 几乎全为广温广盐性沿岸种类, 群落结构具有亚热带和沿岸性特征, 主要优势种为太平洋海链藻Thalassiosira pacirica、中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum、奇异菱形藻Nitzschia paradoxa f. rhombus 和细弱海链藻Thalassiosira subtilis 等, 没有全年广布优势种; 四季均出现的种类共有24 种, 全为硅藻, 各季节间共有种类数在42—61 种, Jaccard 种类相似性指数范围在0.256—0.310, 季节更替明显。多样性指数和均匀度平均值分别为4.02 和0.59, 物种非常丰富; 浮游植物细胞密度在(5.35—12.87)×104 cells/L 之间, 冬季最高, 夏季次之, 秋季最低, 属双峰型变化, 但与一般亚热带春、秋季出现密度高峰不一致。叶绿素a 含量与浮游植物密度存在着极显著的正相关, 而细胞密度、叶绿素a 含量与各营养盐之间不存在明显的相关性。从浮游植物吸收N、P 的配比分析, N为春、夏、秋3 季的营养限制因子, P 为冬季的营养限制因子, 但从N、P 的绝对值看, N 和P 都是全年的营养限制因子, 因此其水质营养类型属于亚热带贫营养型。在南北方向上, 4 个季节活性磷酸盐在各断面的含量依次均为B>D>A>E>C, 这可能与该海区的流场特征及海底沉积物有关。
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| 关键词: 徐闻珊瑚礁, 浮游植物, 群落组成, 多样性指数, 季节变化 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz200902008008 |
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| 基金项目:广东省科技计划项目，2006B36501009 号 |
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| SEASONAL CHANGES OF THE PHYTOPLANKTON IN XUWEN CORAL REEF AREA |
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ZHANG Cai-Xue, SUN Xing-Li, XIE Wei-Liang, XIE Shao-Ying, ZHAN Dong-Ling, ZHANG Yu-Bin, ZHANG Ji-Biao, CHEN Chun-Liang
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Monitoring Center of Ocean Resource and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University
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| Abstract: |
| Seasonal investigation on phytoplankton community was carried out in Xuwen Coral Reef Area of Guangdong, China, from August 2006 to April 2007. Of the total 262 species (including varieties and forms) found in this area, 82 occurred in spring, 117 in summer, 119 in autumn, and 141 in winter. Taxonomically, 252 species in 67 genera were Bacillariophyta, 8 species 5 genera were Pyrrophyta and 2 species 1 genus were Cyanophyta. 37 dominant species were scrutinized, of which 8 species in spring, 7 in summer, 9 in autumn and 13 in winter. All the dominant species were eurythermic and euryhaline characteristic of sub-tropic community structure along seashore. The majority of dominant species were Thalassiosira pacirica, Skeletonema costatum, Nitzschia paradoxa, and Thalassiosira subtilis. No dominant species spread widely in all seasons, while 24 Bacillariophyta species occurred in all seasons, and 42—61 common species in two seasons. The Jaccard similarity coefficient ranges 0.256—0.310, implying obvious seasonal succession. The average diversity index and evenness are 4.02 and 0.59, respectively, indicating more abundant species appeared in this area. The density of phytoplankton ranges (5.35—12.87)×104 cells/L with the maximum in winter, followed by summer, spring and autumn in a descending order. The scenario is particular as phytoplankton in other sub-tropic areas often bloom in spring or autumn. The concentration of chlorophyll-a is closely related to the density of phytoplankton, but no correlation was found among the density, chlorophyll-a concentration, and nutrient salt content. In terms of absorption proportion, element N was the nutritional limiting factors in spring, summer and autumn, while element P in winter. However, both became the nutritional limiting factors in all years in term of absolute absorption. Therefore, the water quality was of subtropical oligotrophic type. The order of concentration of phosphate in four seasons decreased from south to north as the result of marine currents and sedimentation.
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| Key words: Xuwen Coral Reef, Phytoplankton, Community composition, Shannon-Weaver index, Seasonal change |
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