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| 基于水质状态和生态响应的综合富营养化评价模型—以山东半岛典型海域富营养化评价为例 |
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吴在兴,俞志明,宋秀贤,袁涌铨,曹西华
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中国科学院海洋研究所；中国科学院大学,中国科学院海洋研究所,中国科学院海洋研究所,中国科学院海洋研究所；中国科学院大学,中国科学院海洋研究所
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| 摘要: |
| 在前期长江口及其邻近水域富营养化评价的基础上，对基于水质状态和生态响应指标的综合富营养化评价模型进行进一步的改进。水质状态指标包括溶解无机氮、溶解无机磷和化学需氧量。初级生态响应指标包括叶绿素a、浮游植物细胞丰度和大型藻的过度生长问题；次级生态响应指标包括底层溶解氧水平和有毒有害藻华的发生。根据2006年至2007年春夏秋冬四个季节的山东半岛典型海域的调查资料，将该模型应用于山东半岛典型海域的富营养化评价。评价结果表明：在“优、良、中、差、劣”五个富营养化等级中，山东半岛大部分海湾和近岸海域出现“中”到“差”程度的富营养化状况，且海湾内富营养化程度明显高于近岸海域。较突出的富营养化症状主要是夏秋季节高浓度的叶绿素水平和周期性发生的有毒有害藻华。烟台四十里湾、丁字湾和青岛胶州湾是山东半岛富营养化状况较严重的三个海湾。仅少数海域，如日照北部近海和黄岛近海的富营养化程度处于“良”的等级。评价模型同时包含富营养化压力因素（水质状态）和效应因素（生态响应）两个方面，在指标评分上不仅考虑评价浓度，还考虑浓度出现的频率和空间覆盖度等方面，以及对各指标合理分配权重，使得评价模型更能准确、全面反映海域富营养化状况。 |
| 关键词: 富营养化评价 典型海域 山东半岛 水质状态 生态响应 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20121116001 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划） |
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| An intergrated methodology for eutrophication assessment based on both water quality and ecological response: a case study in typical coastal areas of Shandong Peninsula |
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Wuzaixing,Yuzhiming,Songxiuxian,Yuanyongquan and Caoxihua
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Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| An integrated methodology for eutrophication assessment, which combined both water quality and ecological response, was described. It is a modification of previous method for eutrophication assessment of Changjiang River estuary. The water quality indicators include Dissolved inorganic nitrogen（DIN）, Dissolved inorganic phosphorus（DIP） and Chemical oxygen demand (COD), while ecological response indicators include primary (chlorophyll a, total phytoplankton cell abundance or percentage of a single species abundance and macroalgae) and secondary (dissolved oxygen, nuisance and toxic blooms) ecological responses. The methodology was then applied for eutrophication assessment of typical coastal areas in Shandong Peninsula using four seasons of monitoring data from the years 2006 to 2007. The data was originally obtained from “908 special monitoring programs for coastal seas” in China. The results indicated that the trophic status for most bays and coastal areas ranged from categories “moderate” to “poor”, and the prominent eutrophication symptoms were high concentrations of chlorophyll a in growing seasons and periodical occurrence of harmful algal blooms. The eutrophic conditions inner the Bays were more serious than that outside the Bays. The Sishili Bay and Dingzi Bay in Yantai, the Jiaozhou Bay in Qingdao were three Bays with most serious eutrophic conditions in Shandong Peninsula, with categories of “poor”. Coastal areas of the city of Rizhao and Huangdao were areas with “good” trophic status. Inclusion of both causative factors (water quality) and effect factors (ecological response), combination of concentration, spatial coverage and frequency of indicators and different weighting for different indicators in the methodology design make the assessment more accurate and representative. |
| Key words: eutrophication assessment typical coastal areas Shandong peninsula water quality ecological response |