互花米草对江苏潮滩沉积和地貌演化的影响
Impact of Spartina alterniflora on sedimentary and morphological evolution of tidal salt marshes of Jiangsu, China
-
摘要: 江苏潮滩面积大,岸滩冲淤动态变化复杂.人工引种互花米草对江苏海岸潮滩沉积地貌演化有较大影响,主要体现在影响潮滩沉积速率、物质分布及潮水沟地貌系统的发育等方面.根据定点站位不同年代的高程数据,分析Pethick-Allen模型在江苏潮滩盐沼的适用性;在现场采集柱状样并在室内进行137Cs分析,根据分析结果及前人研究结果,利用P-A模型分析计算江苏潮滩不同时期的沉积速率,结果表明互花米草的引种加快了潮滩沉积速率,它使潮滩沉积地貌演化脱离了原来的渐进函数关系.在选择的典型断面上采集表层底质样,在激光粒度仪上进行粒度分析,结果表明,互花米草易使细颗粒沉积物沉积,大米草滩和盐蒿滩表层沉积物主要来自潮水沟输送.根据野外调查并结合遥感分析,互花米草滩内潮水沟宽深比小,密度大,水道稳定,有别于光滩或大米草滩的潮水沟形态.Abstract: The area of tidal flat in Jiangsu Province is the biggest in China,and the dynamic change of tidal flat erosion and accumulation is complicated.Spartina alterniflora is introduced artificially to the Jiangsu coast,which has significantly influenced the regional tidalflat evolution in terms of the deposition rate, sediment distribution patterns and tidal creek geometry.A ccording to surface elevations of stations and calculated sedimentation rates in different stages,the applicability of Pethick-Allen model is analysed in Jiangsu tidal salt marshes.137Cs analysis is carried out for sediment samples from the salt marshes of Wangang to determine the sedimentation rate.A ccording to the 137Cs analysis and the data form relative literatre,using P-A model for calculating the sedimentation rates in different stages of Jiangsu tidal flat,the results show that the original patterns of tidalflat accretion has been modified since the introduction of Spartina alterniflora,this "intruding organism" has caused rapid accretion.Surficial sediment samples were collected on typical section,and analyzed for grain size by a laser particle analyzer(Mastersizer 2000, produced by Malvern Instruments in the UK),the result shows that fine-grained sediment has been trapped by the plant,and the sediments deposited on Suaeda salsa and Spartinaang elica flats enter the upside marsh mostly through drainage creeks rather than from gently sloping tidal flats.Analysis results of remote sensing and in situ obser vations indicate that the creeks developed on the Spartina alterniflora flat have a relatively small ratio of width to depth,a relatively high density,and are more stable than other tidal flat creek systems in the region.
-
Key words:
- Spartina alterniflora /
- tidalflat /
- sedimentation /
- morpho logical evolution /
- Jiangsu, China
-
王颖.渤海湾西部贝壳堤与古海岸线问题[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),1964,8(3):424-442. EVANS G.Intertidal flat sediments and their environments of deposition in the Wash[J].Quarterly Journal of Geologicaal Society of London,1965,121:209-245. EVANS G,COLLINS M B.The transportation and deposition of suspended sediment over the intertidal flats of the Wash[A].HAILS J,CARR A.Nearshore Sediment Dynamics and Sedimentation[C].Chichester:John Wiley and Sons,1975.273-306. 朱大奎,许廷官.江苏中部海岸发育和开发利用问题[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),1982,(3):799-805. WANG Y.The mudflat system of China[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1983,40(Sup.1):160-171. KESTNER F J T.The loose-boundary regime of the Wash[J].The Geographical Journal,1975,141(3):388-414. PETHICK J S.Long-term accretion rates on tidal salt marshes[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1981,51(2):571-577. KRONE R B.A method of simulating historic marsh elevations[A].KRAUS N E.Coastal Sediments'87[C].New York:American Soci-ety if Civil Engineers,1987.316-323. ALLEN J R L.Salt-marsh growth and stratification:a numerical model with special reference to the Severn Estuary,southwest Britain[J].Marine Geology,1990,95:77-96. FRENCH J R.Numerical simulation of vertical marsh growth and adjustment to accelerated sea-level rise,north Norfolk,U K[J].Earth Surface Processes & Landforms,1993.18:63-81. ALLEN J R L.Morphodynamics of Holocene salt marshes:a review sketch from the Atlantic and Southern North Sea coasts of Europe[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2000,19:1 155-1 231. TEMMERMAN S,GOVERS G,MEIRE P,et al.Modeling long-term tidal marsh growth under changing tidal conditions and suspended sediment concentrations,Scheldt estuary,Belgium[J].Marine Geology,2003,193:151-169. 杨世伦,陈吉余.试论植物在潮滩发育演变中的作用[J].海洋与湖沼,1994,25(6):631-634. 庄武艺,谢佩尔J.海草对潮滩沉积作用的影响[J].海洋学报,1991.13(2):230-239. 时钟.海岸盐沼植物单向恒定水流流速剖面[J].泥沙研究,1997,3(1):82-88. YANG Shi-lun.The role of Scirpus marsh in attenuation of hydrodynamics and retention of fine sediment in the Yangtze estuary[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1998,47:227-233. 杨世伦,时钟,赵庆英.长江口潮沼植物对沉积动力过程的影响[J].海洋学报,2001,23(4):75-80. NETTO S A,LANA P C.Influence of Sapartina alterniflora on superficial sediment characteristics of tidal flats in Paranagua Bay(south-eastern Brazil)[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1997,44:641-648. 沈永明,张忍顺,王艳红.互花米草盐沼潮沟地貌特征[J].地理研究,2003,22(4):520-527. 仲崇信,卓荣宗.大米草在我国的二十二年[A].米草研究进展:22年来的研究成果论文集[C] ,南京:南京大学出版社,1985.31-35. 徐国万,卓荣宗.我国引种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora Loisel)的初步研究:I[A].米草研究进展:22年来的研究成果论文集[C] ,南京:南京大学出版社,1985.212-225. REN Mei-e,ZHANG Ren-shun,YANG Ju-hai.Sedimentation on tidal mud flat of Wanggang Area,Jiangsu Province,China[J].Collected Oceanic Works,1983,6(2):84-108. 任美锷.江苏省海岸带与海涂资源综合调查报告[M].北京:海洋出版社,1986.36-180. SHEPARD F P.Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1954,24:151-158. MCMANUS J.Grain size determination and interpretation[A].Techniques in Sedimentology[C].Oxford:Black-well,1988.63-85. GAO S,COLLNS M B.Formation of salt-marsh cliffs in an accretional environment,Christchurch Harbour,southern England[A].WANG P X,BERGRAN W.Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress:Vol.13.Marine Geology and Palaeoceanography[C].Amsterdam:VSP Press,1997.95-110. 杨巨海.江苏大丰县王港附近淤泥质海滩的沉积规律[D].南京:南京大学,1982. 王爱军,高抒,贾建军,等.江苏王港盐沼的现代沉积速率[J].地理学报,2005,60(1):61-70. 陈才俊.江苏滩涂大米草促淤护岸效果[J].海洋通报,1994,13(2):55-61. 高抒,朱大奎.江苏淤泥质海岸剖面的初步研究[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),1988,24(1):75-84. 陈才俊.江苏淤长型淤泥质潮滩的剖面发育[J].海洋与湖沼,1991,22(4):360-368. REINECK H-E,SINGH I B.Depositional Sedimentary Environments,2nd ed.[M].Berlin:Springer,1980.430-456. ALEXANDER C R,NITTROUER C A,DEMASTER D J,et al.Macro-tidal mudflats of the southwestern Korean coast:a model for interpretation of inter-tidal deposits[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1991,61:805-524. FREY R W,BASAN P B.Coastal Saltmarshes[A].DAVIES R A.Coastal Sedimentary Environments[M].New York.Springer-Verlag,1985.225-301. KE X K.EVANS G,COLLINS M B.Hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics of the Wash embayment,eastern England[J].Sedimentology,1996,43:157-174. 杨旸,汪亚平,高抒.江苏王港盐沼潮沟的水动力和悬沙输运过程[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(4):23-28. 李占海.江苏大丰地区潮滩沉积动力过程[D].南京:南京大学,2003. 陈才俊.江苏中部海堤大规模外迁后的潮水沟发育[J].海洋通报,2001,20(6):71-79. 汪亚平,张忍顺,高抒.论盐沼-潮沟系统的地貌动力响应[J].科学通报,1998,43(21):2 315-2 319.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 895
- HTML全文浏览量: 7
- PDF下载量: 1221
- 被引次数: 0