西藏南部江孜盆地上侏罗统至古近系沉积岩石学特征与盆地演化
Petrology and evolution history from late Jurassic to Paleogene of Gyangze basin, Southern Tibet
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摘要: 江孜盆地紧邻雅鲁藏布江缝合带,随着特提斯洋的演化及最终消亡,盆地必然随之经历一系列演化,分析其沉积响应是了解盆地演化的一个重要手段.因而,本文以分布于江孜地区的晚侏罗世至古近纪海相沉积地层为研究对象,在前人建立的地层格架基础上,基于野外露头和镜下观察,仔细分析了其沉积岩石学特征.江孜地区晚侏罗世至古近纪沉积序列为:石英砂岩(上侏罗统维美组)-页岩夹火山岩屑砂岩(下白垩统日朗组)-黑色硅质/钙质页岩(中白垩统加不拉组黑层段、白层段)-黑色硅质岩(上白垩统加不拉组硅质岩段)-红色硅质页岩、泥灰岩夹滑塌灰岩(上白垩统床得组)-灰绿色页岩夹外来岩块(上白垩统宗卓组)-砂/页岩互层(古近系甲查拉组).从中可以看出海水从维美组至加不拉组硅质岩段为逐渐加深的过程,而至甲查拉组海水再次浅于硅质岩段沉积水深.生物沉积、悬浮沉积及块体搬运作用沉积常见,其中块体搬运作用包括砂质碎屑流、浊流、滑塌和岩崩等,沉积环境为大陆斜坡至深水洋盆.通过沉积学与沉积地球化学分析可知,底层水经历了缺氧、氧化再到缺氧的过程.根据沉积岩石学特征结合沉积环境分析,从较长的时间尺度上将盆地的演化历史划分为四个阶段:晚侏罗世至早白垩世被动大陆边缘盆地稳定发育阶段,白垩纪中期被动大陆边缘盆地持续沉降阶段,晚白垩世残留被动大陆边缘盆地阶段,白垩世末期至始新世初期为残留洋盆地阶段.
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