Study on the ore-forming mechanism of the Wutubulake iron deposit in the southern of Altay, Xinjiang
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摘要:
乌吐布拉克中型铁矿床赋存于上志留统-下泥盆统康布铁堡组变质火山-沉积岩系中，矿体呈似层状、透镜状，矿体及其周围发育大量矽卡岩矿物组合。早期矽卡岩阶段包裹体均一温度为256~534℃，盐度为11.90%~＞73.96% NaCleqv，密度为0.56~0.96g/cm3，表明成矿流体为高-中温、高-中盐度、高-中密度的NaCl-H2O体系；退化蚀变阶段包裹体均一温度为188~313℃，盐度为12.30%~＞39.76% NaCleqv，密度为0.83~1.05g/cm3，表明成矿流体为中温、中-低盐度、高-中密度的NaCl-H2O体系。石英-硫化物-碳酸盐阶段包裹体均一温度为162~320℃，盐度为2.90%~15.57% NaCleqv，密度为0.70~1.02g/cm3，成矿流体为NaCl-H2O-CO2±CH4或N2型流体。石榴子石氢氧同位素表明早期矽卡岩阶段成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水，石英及方解石的氢氧同位素暗示石英-硫化物-碳酸盐阶段存在低温、低盐度的大气降水的加入。方解石的碳、氧同位素表明流体中碳主要来自深部岩浆。硫化物硫同位素表明硫来源于岩浆硫。成矿机制可能为早三叠世岩浆热液交代上志留-下泥盆统康布铁堡组火山岩形成矽卡岩矿物，在矽卡岩退化蚀变过程中形成铁矿体。
Abstract:The medium sized Wutubulake iron deposit is hosted in the metamorphosed volcaniclastic-sedimentary sequence of the Upper Silurian-Lower Devonian Kangbutiebao Formation, the orebodies occur as stratoids or lenses, which are surrounded by the skarn minerals.Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in early skarn stage vary from 256 to 534℃, salinity range from 11.90% to > 73.96% NaCleqv, density range from 0.56 to 0.96g/cm3, all of these showed that the ore-forming fluid in early skarn stage are high-middle temperature, high-middle salinity and high-middle density, which is belong to NaCl-H2O system; Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in retrograde alteration stage vary from 188 to 313℃, salinity range from 12.30% to 39.76% NaCleqv, density range from 0.83 to 1.05g/cm3, which have the characteristic of middle temperature, middle-low salinity and high-middle density, also belong to NaCl-H2O system.In quartz-sulfide-carbonate stage, the ore-forming fluid is NaCl-H2O-CO2±CH4 or N2 type fluid.Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in this stage vary from 162 to 320℃, salinity range from 2.90% to 15.57% NaCleqv, density range from 0.70 to 1.02g/cm3.The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic data of garnet suggest that the ore-forming fluid in early skarn stage is mainly derived from magmatic water, but the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic characteristic of quartz and calcite imply that the ore-forming fluid in quartz-sulfide-carbonate stage is derived from mixing of magmatic water and low temperature and salinity meteoric water.The carbon and oxygen isotopic data of calcite suggest that the carbon in the fluid is mainly derived from the deep-seated magma, and the sulfide isotopic data show that the characteristic magma sulfur.We hold that the ore-forming mechanism is closely related to the retrogressive metamorphism of the skarn minerals, which might have resulted from the Early Triassic magmatic hydrothermal interaction with volcanic of the Upper Silurian-Lower Devonian Kangbutiebao Formation.
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Key words:
- Skarn /
- Fluid inclusion /
- Stable isotope /
- Ore-forming mechanism /
- Wutubulake /
- Xinjiang
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图 1
乌吐布拉克铁矿矿区地质图 (据何国琦等，2004；易朝楷等，2009修改)
Figure 1.
Geological map of the Wutubulake iron ore district (modified after He et al., 2004)
图 2
乌吐布拉克铁矿床流体包裹体显微照片
Figure 2.
Photomicrographs of fluid inclusions from the Wutubulake iron deposit
图 3
乌吐布拉克铁矿床包裹体均一温度、盐度直方图
Figure 3.
Histograms of homogenization temperature and salinity for the inclusions in the Wutubulake iron deposit
图 4
乌吐布拉克铁矿床δD-δ18OH2O图解 (原始岩浆水范围据Sheppard，1986)
Figure 4.
δD versus δ18OH2O diagram of the Wutubulake iron deposit (data of primary magmatic water after Sheppard, 1986)
图 5
乌吐布拉克铁矿床方解石的δ18OSMOW-δ13CPDB图解 (底图据刘建明等，1997；孙景贵等，2001；刘家军等，2004)
Figure 5.
δ18OSMOW vs.δ13CPDB diagram of calcite from the Wutubulake iron deposit (after Liu et al., 1997; Sun et al., 2001; Liu et al., 2004)
图 6
乌吐布拉克铁矿床硫同位素直方图
Figure 6.
Histogram of sulfur isotope composition of sulfides from the Wutubulake iron deposit
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