Sedimentation and deformation of the Yanghu basin and its tectonic implications in the western Hoh Xil, Central Tibet
-
摘要:
对可可西里西段新生代盆地缺乏了解是导致该区新生代地质演化存在争议的重要原因。本文以沉积学和构造变形分析为主要手段，对可可西里西段羊湖盆地时代、充填序列、物源区和变形特征进行了分析，结果表明，羊湖盆地新生界沉积厚度大于1302m，主要由下部雅西错组冲积扇相碎屑岩和上部五道梁群湖泊相碳酸盐岩组成，其岩石组合和充填序列与可可西里东段具有一致性，同时古流向和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学分析显示盆地物源来南部的羌塘地块，盆地形成演化受南部褶皱冲断带制约，盆地构造变形强烈，沿褶皱冲断带和羊湖盆地地壳分别发生51%和41%的缩短。沉积充填结构和变形特征表明，羊湖盆地与东段可可西里盆地具有相同的演化历史和性质，预示青藏高原中部在渐新世-中新世在存在一个大的、统一的可可西里盆地。
Abstract:The scale and structure attribute of the Hoh Xil basin are the keys to understand the Cenozoic evolution and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. However, the sedimentation and deformation are poorly known about the western Hoh Xil that makes the present interpretations highly debatable. Here we report the results of sedimentary facies, detrital zircon U-Pb isotopic compositions and deformation of the Yanghu bain in the western Hoh Xil. There are two depositional sequences developed in the basin, including the lower alluvial fan and upper lacustrine facies, with a total thickness of exceeding 1302m. The lithofacies and facies association are similar with the Oligocene Yaxicuo Formation and Miocene Wudaoliang Group in the eastern Hoh Xil basin. Paleocurrent directions and detrital zircon indicate that the basin provenance was coming from the Qiangtang blocks, which is also in accordance with eastern Hoh Xil basin. Moreover, two tectonic units are identified in this area, they are the southern thrust belt and Yanghu bain from south to north, which have caused 51% and 41% crustal shortening during Early Tertiary respectively. These observations, in combination with sequential filling patterns, sedimentary facies and deformation all indicate that the Yanghu basin has undergone similar evolution with the eastern Hoh Xil basin, imply that there was a single, wide basin in the Central Tibetan Plateau during Paleogene-Miocene.
-
Key words:
- Yanghu basin /
- Sedimentation /
- Deformation /
- Hoh Xil /
- Tibetan Plateau
-
-
图 1
青藏高原中部新生代沉积盆地分布与构造格局
Figure 1.
Tectonic map of the central Tibetan Plateau showing major tectonic units and distribution of the Cenozoic basins
图 3
羊湖盆地与可可西里盆地东段地层对比图(据Wang et al., 2008修改)
Figure 3.
Comparisons of lithologic sections between the Yanghu basin, western Hoh Xil and the Fenghuoshan-Tongtianhe area, eastern Hoh Xil basin (revised after Wang et al., 2008)
图 4
羊湖盆地沉积与构造变形特征
Figure 4.
Outcrop photos showing the depositions and deformation of the Yanghu basin
图 5
可可西里盆地东西部与拉萨-羌塘地体碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄对比图
Figure 5.
U-Pb age probability plots for the Cenozoic sediments from the Hoh Xil Basin and the pre-Cenozoic sediments from the Qiangtang and Lhasa block
-
Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Qinghai Province. 1991. Regional Geology of Qinghai Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-662 (in Chinese)
Dai JJ, Zhao XX, Wang CS, Zhu LD, Li YL and David F. 2011. The vast proto-Tibetan Plateau: New constraints from Paleogene Hoh Xil Basin. Gondwana Research, 22(2): 434-446
DeCelles PG, Gehrels GE, Quade J, Ojha TP, Kapp PA and Upreti BN. 1998. Neogene foreland basin deposits, erosional unroofing, and the kinematic history of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt, western Nepal. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 110(1): 2-21
DeCelles PG and Horton BK. 2003. Early to Middle Tertiary foreland basin development and the history of Andean crustal shortening in Bolivia. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 115(1): 58-77
Ding L, Zhou Y, Zhang JJ and Deng WM. 2000. Geologic relationships and geochronology of the Cenozoic volcanoes and interbedded weathered mantles of Yulinshan in Qiangtang, North Tibet. Chinese Science Bulletin, 45(24): 2214-2220
Dong CY, Li C, Wan YS, Wang W, Wu YW, Xie HQ and Liu DY. 2011. Detrital zircon age model of Ordovician Wenquan quartzite south of Lungmuco-Shuanghu suture in the Qiangtang area, Tibet: Constraint on tectonic affinity and source regions. Science China, Earth Sciences, 54(7): 1034-1042
Duan ZM, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li YL and Wang M. 2005. Zircon U-Pb age, continent dynamics significance and geochemical characteristics of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic granites from the Tanggula Range in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Acta Geologica Sinica, 79(1): 88-97 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Dupont-Nivet G, Hoorn C and Konert M. 2008. Tibetan uplift prior to the Eocene-Oligocene climate transition: Evidence from pollen analysis of the Xining Basin. Geology, 36(12): 987-990
Fang XM, Zhang WL, Meng QQ, Gao JP, Wang XM, King J, Song CH, Dai S and Miao YF. 2007. High resolution magnetostratigraphy of the Neogene Huaitoutala section in the eastern Qaidam Basin on the NE Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Province, China and its implication on tectonic uplift of the NE Tibetan Plateau. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 258(1-2): 293-306
Lai SC, Liu CY and O'Reilly SY. 2001. Petrogenesis and its significance to continental dynamics of the Neogene high-potassium calc-alkaline volcanic rock association from north Qiangtang, Tibetan Plateau. Science in China (Series D), 44(Suppl.1): 45-55
Li Y, Wang CS, Yi HS, Shi H, Lin JH, Zhu LD and Li XH. 2001. Fill models of in the Qiangtang composite foreland basin in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 19(1): 20-26 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li YL, Wang CS and Ma C. 2011. Balanced cross-section and crustal shortening analysis in the Tanggula-Tuotuohe area, northern Tibet. Journal of Earth Science, 22(1): 1-10
Li YL, Wang CS, Zhao XX, Yin A and Ma C. 2012. Cenozoic thrust system, basin evolution, and uplift of the Tanggula Range in the Tuotuohe region, central Tibet. Gondwana Research, 22(2): 482-492
Liu YX, Hou ZQ, Wang GH, Jing XJ, Li Z, Song YC and Wang XH. 2011. Basin evolutions of the Tuotuohe River basin and sedimentary response to the uplifting of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the Paleogene-Neogene. Earth Science Frontiers, 18(4): 65-76 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu ZF, Wang CS and Yi HS. 2001. Evolution and mass accumulation of the Cenozoic Hoh Xil basin, northern Tibet. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 71(6): 971-984
Liu ZF, Zhao XX, Wang CS, Liu S and Yi HS. 2003. Magnetostratigraphy of Tertiary sediments from the Hoh Xil Basin: Implications for the Cenozoic tectonic history of the Tibetan Plateau. Geophysical Journal International, 154(2): 233-252
Liu ZF, Wang CS, Jin W, Yi HS, Zheng HB, Zhao XX and Li YL. 2005. Oligo-Miocene depositional environment of the Tuotuohe basin, central Tibetan Plateau. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 23(2): 210-217 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Najman Y and Garzanti E. 2000. Reconstructing early Himalayan tectonic evolution and paleogeography from Tertiary foreland basin sedimentary rocks, northern India. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 112(3): 435-449
Pan GT, Ding J, Yao D and Wang LQ. 2004. Guidebook of 11500000 Geologic Map of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and Adjacent Areas. Chengdu: Chengdu Cartographic Publishing House, 1-48
Roger F, Tapponnier P, Arnaud N, Schrer U, Brunel M, Xu ZQ and Yang JS. 2000. An Eocene magmatic belt across central Tibet: Mantle subduction triggered by the Indian collision. Terra Nova, 12(3): 102-108
Rowley DB and Currie BS. 2006. Palaeo-altimetry of the Late Eocene to Miocene Lunpola basin, central Tibet. Nature, 439(7077): 677-681
Tapponnier P, Xu ZQ, Francoise R, Bertrand M, Nicolas A, Gerard W and Yang JS. 2001. Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau. Science, 294(5547): 1671-1677
Wang CS, Chang EZ and Zhang SN. 1997. Potential oil and gas bearing basins on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. International Geological Review, 39(10): 876-890
Wang CS, Li XH, Hu XM and Jansa LF. 2002a. Latest marine horizon north of Qomolangma (Mt Everest): Implications for closure of Tethys seaway and collision tectonics. Terra Nova, 14(2): 114-120
Wang CS, Liu ZF, Yi HS, Liu S and Zhao XX. 2002b. Tertiary crustal shortening and peneplanation in the Hoh Xil region: Implications for the tectonic history of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Asian Earth Science, 20(3): 211-223
Wang CS, Zhao XX, Liu ZZ, Peter C, Stephan AG, Robert SC, Yi HS, Zhu LD, Liu S and Li YL. 2008. Constraints on the early uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(13): 4987-4992
Wang CS, Gao R, Yin A, Wang HY, Zhang YX, Guo TL, Li QS and Li YL. 2011. A mid-crustal strain-transfer model for continental deformation: A new perspective from high-resolution deep seismic-reflection profiling across NE Tibet. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 306(3-4): 279-288
Wang J, Ding J, Wang CS and Tan FW. 2009. Evaluation and Investigation of the Oil and Gas in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 544-638 (in Chinese)
Wang Q, Wyman DA, Li ZX, Sun WD, Chung SL, Vasconcelos PM, Zhang QY, Dong H, Yu YS, Pearson N, Qiu HN, Zhu TX and Feng XT. 2010. Eocene north-south trending dikes in central Tibet: New constraints on the timing of east-west extension with implications for early plateau uplift? Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 298(1-2): 205-216
Yi HS and Lin JH. 2004. The Cenozoic High-K Calc-Alkaline Volcanic Rock Series in the Northern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Crust-Mantle Interaction. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 544-638 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Yi HS, Lin JH, Shi ZQ, Li BH and Zhao B. 2004. Magnetostratigraphic studies of Tertiary continental redbeds in Wulanwula Lake area of Northern Tibetan Plateau and their geologic significance. Acta Geosicientia Sinica, 25(6): 633-638 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Yin A, Dang YQ, Wang LC, Jiang W, Zhou SP, Chen X, George EG and Michael WM. 2008. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Qaidam basin and its surrounding regions (Part 1): The southern Qilian Shan-Nan Shan thrust belt and northern Qaidam basin. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 120(7-8): 813-846
Zhang YF and Zheng JK. 1994. Geologic Overview in Kokshili, Qinghai and Adjacent Areas. Beijing: Seismological Publishing House, 1-177 (in Chinese)
Zhu DC, Zhao ZD, Niu YL, Dilek Y and Mo XX. 2011. Lhasa terrane in southern Tibet came from Australia. Geology, 39(8): 727-730
Zhu LD, Wang CS, Zheng H B, Xiang F, Yi HS and Liu DZ. 2006. Tectonic and sedimentary evolution of basins in the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their implication for the northward growth of the plateau. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 241(1): 49-60
Zhu YT, Jia QX, Yi HS, Lin JH, Shi LC, Peng C and Guo TZ. 2005. Two periods of Cenozoic volcanic rocks from HohXil lake area, Qinghai. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 25(4): 23-29(in Chinese with English abstract)
-
下载:
图(6)
计量
- 文章访问数: 5247
- PDF下载数: 6024
- 施引文献: 0