Discussion on the soil erosion problem caused by coal-mining and the countermeasure in Guizhou karst mountain
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摘要: 贵州煤炭丰富,开采活跃。据统计,贵州已探明的煤炭储量约500亿t,2005年,有煤矿2143对,其中乡镇小煤矿1 700多对。煤矿开采占压土地普遍,水土流失严重,其中,仅煤矿整合、技改和新建占压土地和引起水土流失面积约达250~300 km2,新增水土流失量达100万t以上;特别是煤矿建设施工引起的水土流失最为严重,平均侵蚀模数大多高于7 500 t/a?km2,个别地段有的甚至大于15 000 t/a?km2。贵州煤矿整合新建过程中多存在“三同时”制度落实不到位、防治责任范围界定不合理、防治措施覆盖不够、树种选择不当、水土流失防治技术手段落后、水保投入不足等问题。为此,今后的井采煤矿区水土流失防治应与区域水土保持有机结合,加强岩溶山区环境与矿山水土流失关系研究,增强防治措施的科学性。同时,在水土流失方案编制时应适当扩大防治责任范围和提高预算单价。Abstract: Coal resource is abundant and coal mining is very active in Guizhou province. According to the statistics, the proven reserve of coal is 50 billion tons in Guizhou. There are 2143 coal mine in Guizhou,2005,and township small coal mine is more than 1 700. Coal mining, occupying land very common, usually causes serious soil erosion. Among them, only the coal mine integration, technological transformation and new project have occupied land and caused soil erosion approximately 250~300 km2 in area in the recent years, which increased more than 1 million tons of soil erosion. Especially, the most serious soil erosion is caused by coal mine construction with the average erosion modulus higher than 7 500 t / a?km2 in most case, even higher than 15 000 t / a ? km2 in individual lot. There are many problems during Guizhou coal mine integration, the existence of the "three simultaneous" may not be implemented, control areas of responsibility defined in unreasonable and inadequate coverage of prevention and control measures, inappropriate species selection, soil prevention and control techniques backward, inadequate investment in water conservation and other issues. So, in order to reinforce more scientific measures in soil and water conservation in the future, soil and water conservation works in coalmine area should be incorporated with regional soil and water conservation project, and scientific research on the relationship between karst environment and soil erosion should be enhanced. Meanwhile, it is needed to expand the scope of responsibility and to increase budgetary unit price in the preparation of the soil and water conservation programme.
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Key words:
- karst mountain /
- coal mine /
- soil erosion /
- Guizhou province.
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