Variations of karst water and environmental problems in North China
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摘要: 随着自然条件改变和人类活动强度的加大,我国北方岩溶水系统从输入、输出到结构、水资源要素转换关系均发生了巨大变化,在短短几十年内有近30%岩溶大泉断流,80%泉水流量大幅度衰减,区域岩溶地下水位每年以1~2m速度持续下降,同时,有20%以上的岩溶水系统主排泄带的水质在Ⅲ类以下且总体趋向恶化,此外,还存在着矿坑突水,岩溶塌陷、地裂,海水入侵,旅游功能降低,生态功能丧失等诸多的岩溶水环境问题,极大地加剧了水资源的紧张状况。本文根据前人成果和实地调查资料并采用一些典型事例归纳总结了岩溶水环境问题及其发展演化趋势,展示北方岩溶水面临的严峻形势,以引起社会各界对此问题的关注,加大岩溶水资源调查研究与保护力度,同时,也为广大学者开展相关立项与研究提供参考。Abstract: Along with the changes of natural surroundings and the intensified human activities, great changes have taken place in input, output, and structure as well as transform relation in karst groundwater system of Northern China. In a few decades, 30 % of karst spring dried up, 80 % of spring flux dramatically degraded and regional karst groundwater level is continuously declining at the speed of 1 to 2 m/a. At the same time, the water quality in more than 20 % of main karst water discharge zones get below Class III and the overall trend is worsening. In addition, karst water environment problems, such as karst collapses, ground fissures, seawater intrusion, lowering in tourism function and lost of ecological function exists, are intensifying the shortage of water resources. According to investigation and data sorting of typical cases, this article summarizes problems of hydrogeologic environment and its development trend in Northern China karst area to attract attentions of all sectors of society to promote the protection of karst groundwater. Meanwhile, the article provides reference for further research.
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Key words:
- karst groundwater system /
- environmental geology problem /
- developing trend /
- North China
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