This study examines and summaries research advances in metallogenetic regularity and exploration practice of deep potash deposits in the Lop Nur salt lake in past decades. Models of ‘supply of ascending brine’ and ‘brine- bearing wall’ provide a new perspective and predict potential favorable areas for deep potash exploration. The newlybuilt technological system mainly including remote sensing, high- revolution gravity measurement, EH4 electromagnetic imaging and radon measurement achieve target delineation in an efficient and economical way. The drilling revealed abundant potash resources andprovided an important prospecting breakthrough for the exploration of deep potash in the Lop Nur salt lake. The above progress serves as a classic example for exploration practices guided by theory, and demonstrates that combiningtheoretical model and exploration technology can provide a reference for deep potash exploration for other salt lakes and ancient salt basinsin China. Considering the recent exploitation of the shallow brine potash resource and the potential for deep potash exploration, further theoretical research on potassium- rich brine in the deep Lop Nursalt lake, investigation on resource and development of the related mining technology is recommended for providing reserve resource guarantee and technical support.