汶川5.12大地震地表次生灾害评价与分析
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国家杰出青年科学基金,国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划),中国科学院知识创新项目


Analysis of the Secondary Geological Disasters that Triggered by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake
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    摘要:

    摘要:对由地震引起的地质次生灾害发生的坡度和坡向进行了统计,并针对汶川大地震分析了所引发的地表破坏的易发坡度及坡向及其与震中的关系等。另外,分别以不同震中距为缓冲区、以平行中央断裂带的各级缓冲区、以等烈度区为缓冲区对地震引起的地表破坏的空间分布以及发生地表破坏的坡度在各级缓冲区中的变化进行了分析。结果表明:(1)地震引发的滑坡及滑坡群共5093个,总面积大约958 km2;(2)在30°-44°坡度上地表破坏发生的数量最大,42°为地表破坏发生概率的拐点。主要的地表破坏发生在迎着地震波传播的坡向上;(3)随着震中距的增加,地表破坏的发生概率逐渐减小,震中距40km以内的减小速度非常迅速,40km以外则整体上缓慢减少,局部略有起伏。各缓冲区中发生地表破坏的平均坡度比缓冲区内的地形平均坡度大4°左右。(4)地震引发的地表破坏主要受到断裂带的控制,有64.17%的地表破坏发生在中央断裂带两侧10km范围内。(5)高地震烈度区域引发的地表破坏率远远大于低烈度区域,在烈度为Ⅺ度的区域内发生地表破坏率达到14.5%,而Ⅶ度烈度带上引发地表破坏率仅为0.01%。

    Abstract:

    Abstract: The devastating Ms8.0 earthquake struck Wenchuan China on 12 May 2008. It caused considerable damage and lots of secondary geological hazards such as landslides, collapses, mud-rock flows et al. After the interpretation of remote sensing images the geological hazards database was built. Using GIS means, the area of geological hazards in different slopes and aspects was calculated, and in which slopes and aspects that the geological hazards were apt of occurred as well as the distance and orientation relationship between the geological hazards and the epicenter were also analyzed. In addition, three kinds of buffer analysis was processed in order to analyze the spatial distribute rules of the geological hazards. The result shows that: (1) there are more than 5093 geological hazards were triggered by the earthquake, the area of all geological hazards were more than 958 sq. km. (2) Most of the geological hazards were concentrated in 30°~44°slopes, and the 42°was a inflexion that probability of the geological hazards occurred increased quickly when the slope was more than 42°. Geological hazards distribution also shows a correlation with the orientation of mountain slopes, the geological hazards were mainly happened at the aspect that faced the seismic wave. (3) With the increasing of epicenter distance, the probability of occurrence of geological hazards decreased gradually. The occurred probability of geological hazards deceased especially quickly within the 40km epicenter distance, and the average slope of geological hazards in every buffer were about 4°larger than the average slope of the buffer they located.(4) The geological hazards were mainly distributed around the seismic faults, about 64.17% of geological hazards were distributed within 10km around the main seismic fault zone. (5) The geological hazards occurred probability was much higher in the area with high seismic intensity than in the area with low seismic intensity. The geological hazards occurred probability was 14.5% in the area with Ⅺ degree of intensity while it was only 0.01% in the area with Ⅶ degree of intensity.

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孙晓宇,周成虎,郭兆成,张俊,苏奋振,仉天宇,张丹丹,吕婷婷.2010.汶川5.12大地震地表次生灾害评价与分析[J].地质学报,84(9):1283-1291.
sun xiao yu.2010. Analysis of the Secondary Geological Disasters that Triggered by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,84(9):1283-1291.

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  • 最后修改日期:2009-12-15
  • 录用日期:2010-04-28
  • 在线发布日期: 2010-09-14
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