Hydrodynamic characteristics of rill flow on steep slopes |
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| Authors: | Wenying Peng Zhuodong Zhang Keli Zhang |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Urban Economics and Public Administration, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China |
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| Abstract: | Rill erosion is a dominant sediment source on sloping lands. However, the amount of soil loss from rills on steep slopes is vastly more than that on gentle slopes because of differences in rill shape and hydraulic patterns. The aims of this paper are to determine the hydrodynamic characteristics of rills and the friction coefficients in steep slope conditions and to propose modifications of some hydraulic parameters used in soil loss prediction models. A series of inflow experiments was conducted on loess slopes. The results show that the geometric and hydraulic properties of rill on the steep loess slopes, which are characterized by the mean width of cross sections, mean velocity and mean depth of flow, are related to discharge and slope gradient in power functions. However, the related exponents to discharge are 0.26, 0.48 and 0.26, respectively, which are different from the exponents derived in previous studies, which were conducted on gentle slopes. The Manning roughness coefficient ranged from 0.035 to 0.071, with an average of 0.0536, and the Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficients varied from 0.4 to 1.9. The roughness coefficients are closely related to the Reynolds numbers and flow volumes; however, the correlations vary with slope gradient. The roughness coefficients are directly proportional to the Reynolds number and the flow volume on steep slopes, in contrast with the roughness coefficients found on gentle slopes, which decrease as the Reynolds number and flow volume increase. This difference is caused by the interactions among the hydraulics of the flow, the shape of the rills and the sediment concentrations on steep slopes. The results indicate that parameters used in models to predict rill erosion have to be modified according to slope gradient. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| Keywords: | rill flow hydraulic steep slope roughness coefficients soil loss |
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