| 基于典型分解的地震勘探随机噪声模拟方法 |
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| 引用本文： | 李桂花,王景琦,许云,张文波,王树林.基于典型分解的地震勘探随机噪声模拟方法[J].CT理论与应用研究,2019,28(6):659-667. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李桂花 王景琦 许云 张文波 王树林 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院,山东青岛266590;中国地质大学,北京100083;中国石油东方地球物理公司物探技术研究中心,河北 涿州 072751 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（41374126）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 随着矿产资源勘探的发展，地震勘探采集环境越来越复杂，接收到的反射地震记录中常常包含大量的干扰，从而造成野外地震资料信噪比低、面貌复杂、有效信息难以分辨，这对提取和利用地震记录中的有效信息造成了障碍。传统数值模拟的记录一般不具有包含各种成因的随机干扰噪声背景，虽然理论记录的处理效果都很好，但却很难处理实际低信噪比的地震资料。截至目前，地震勘探随机噪声模拟方法少有成形理论可以参考，对地震勘探随机噪声特性的认识存在一定的理想化和局限性。许多研究在进行噪声模拟时，添加的是在后续叠加处理时一般都能消除的白噪声，不能接近实际资料的处理。本文基于随机函数的典型分解理论，在用Marmousi模型记录的基础上，根据CMP道集的相干特性计算出可加性随机干扰，这种随机干扰因为与CMP道集记录具有类似的相干性而更接近实际地震资料的干扰背景。此方法可以指导地震勘探的野外观测系统的设计、地震数据的后期处理和解释。
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| 关 键 词： | 典型分解法 随机噪声 地震勘探 数值模拟 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-09-07 |
Random Noise Simulation Method for Seismic Exploration Based on Typical Decomposition |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China;2. China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;3. R & D center, BGP Inc., CNPC, Zhuozhou 072751, China |
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| Abstract: | With the development of mineral resources exploration, the seismic exploration and acquisition environment is more and more complex, and the received reflection seismic records often contain a lot of interference, which results in low signal-to-noise ratio, complex appearance and difficult to distinguish the effective information of field seismic data, which makes it difficult to extract and utilize the effective information in seismic records. Traditional numerical simulation records generally do not have a random interference noise background containing various causes. Although the processing effect of theoretical records is good, it is difficult to process the actual seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratio. Up to now, there are few forming theories for seismic random noise simulation methods, and there are some idealizations and limitations for the understanding of random noise characteristics of seismic exploration. In noise simulation, many studies add white noise which can be generally eliminated in subsequent superposition processing, and cannot be close to the actual data processing. Based on the classical decomposition theory of random functions and Marmousi model records, the additive random interference is calculated according to the coherence characteristics of the CMP gathers, which is more similar to the interference background of actual seismic data because of its similar coherence with CMP gathers records. This method can guide the design of field observation system for seismic exploration, post-processing and interpretation of seismic data. |
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