Changes in the saltation flux following a step‐change in macro‐roughness |
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| Authors: | John A Gillies Vicken Etyemezian George Nikolich William G Nickling Jasper F Kok |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA;2. Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada;3. Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | The effect of a step change in macro‐roughness on the saltation process under sediment supply limited conditions was examined in the atmospheric boundary layer. For an array of roughness elements of roughness density λ = 0.045 (λ = total element frontal area/total surface area of the array) the horizontal saltation flux was reduced by 90% (±7%) at a distance of ≈150 roughness element heights into the array. This matches the value predicted using an empirical design model and provides confidence that it can be effectively used to engineer roughness arrays to meet sand flux reduction targets. Measurements of the saltation flux characteristics in the vertical dimension, including: saltation layer decay (e‐folding) height and particle size, revealed that with increasing distance into the array, the rate of mass flux change with increasing height decreased notably, and (geometric) mean particle diameter decreased. The distribution of the saltation mass flux in the vertical remains exponential in form with increasing distance into the roughness array, and the e‐folding height increases as well as increasing at a greater rate as particle diameter diminishes. The increase in e‐folding height suggests the height of saltating particles is increasing along with their mean speed. This apparent increase in mean speed is likely due to the preferential removal, or sequestration, of the slower moving particles across the size spectrum, as they travel through the roughness array. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| Keywords: | saltation flux macro‐roughness e‐folding height mean particle size changes |
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