| 岩溶水系统结构和水文响应机制的定量识别方法——以三峡鱼迷岩溶水系统为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 王泽君,周宏,齐凌轩,王纪元,燕子琪.岩溶水系统结构和水文响应机制的定量识别方法——以三峡鱼迷岩溶水系统为例[J].地球科学,2020,45(12):4512-4523. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王泽君 周宏 齐凌轩 王纪元 燕子琪 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国地质大学地质调查研究院, 湖北武汉 430074 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查局项目DD20160304中国地质调查局项目DD20190824 |
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| 摘 要： | 岩溶水系统结构复杂难以刻画，介质结构对地下水文特征的控制机制不清.以三峡鱼迷岩溶水系统为研究对象，利用人工示踪试验和地下水动态监测技术，建立了对流-弥散模型和扩散模型，求取了标准衰减曲线，构建了电导率和流量的高斯混合分布模型.结果表明:该系统中存在“单源单汇”、“单源多汇”和“多源单汇”3种地下水循环模式；水文事件的响应阶段地下水运动以对流为主，管道流占优势，衰减阶段则以扩散为主，裂隙流和孔隙流占优势；鱼泉洞在丰、枯水期分别识别出5种和6种地下水径流组分，以电导率180 μS/cm和流量0.6 m3/s为界，低电导率和大流量组分为快速流，其平均时间贡献占比为3.5%，径流量占比为19%.岩溶水系统中，管道和溶洞是快速流的储蓄和运移空间，空间尺寸大、开放性强、易受降雨影响；裂隙和孔隙是慢速流的储蓄和运移空间，空间尺寸小、开放性弱、对降雨有一定调蓄作用.研究可为岩溶水系统结构识别和水文机制研究提供参考，为岩溶流域水文地质调查提供理论依据.
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| 关 键 词： | 岩溶水系统 结构特征 水文机制 示踪试验 指数衰减 频率分布 水文地质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-07-16 |
Method for Characterizing Structure and Hydrological Response in Karst Water Systems: A Case Study in Y-M System in Three Gorges Area |
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| Abstract: | In order to describe the structure and hydrological response mechanism of the karst water systems, the dispersion model, the diffusion model, the standard attenuation curve, and the Gaussian mixture models are presented for identifying the structure and explaining hydrological response. Successful application of these methods in the Y-M karst water system in the Three Gorges area shows that "single recharge-single discharge", "single recharge-multiple discharges" and "multiple recharge-single discharge" flow path patterns occurred in the area. After rainfalls, groundwater was dominated by convection in the response stage, while diffusion in the attenuation stage. The groundwater runoff components were divided into 5 and 6 grades for the rainy season and dry season, respectively. The conductivity and discharge thresholds dividing fast and slow flow were determined to be approximately 180 μS/cm and 0.6 m3/s, respectively, with fast flow exhibiting lower conductivity and larger discharge. On an quarterly basis, fast flow occurred 3.5% of the time and accounted for 19% of total water volume. The fast flow moved in the conduits, leading to the sharply variation of discharge and electrical conductivity, while the slow flow moved in the fissures and pores, which resulted in weak response. This study provides novel alternative methods for quantitative evaluation of structure and hydrological response of karst water systems. |
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