| 2013年夏季华北乡村站点固城大气氨变化特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 孟昭阳,谢育林,贾诗卉,张蕊,林伟立,徐晓斌,杨文.2013年夏季华北乡村站点固城大气氨变化特征[J].应用气象学报,2015,26(2):141-150. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孟昭阳 谢育林 贾诗卉 张蕊 林伟立 徐晓斌 杨文 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国气象科学研究院大气成分研究所 中国气象局大气化学重点开放实验室，北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（21377165）,公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201206015），中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费重点项目（2013Z007） |
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| 摘 要： | 利用2013年6—8月河北省定兴县固城站的NH3连续高时间分辨率观测数据，分析了NH3体积分数水平、变化特征和影响因素。结果表明:2013年夏季固城站NH3小时平均体积分数变化范围为0.9×10-9~862.9×10-9，平均体积分数为43.9×10-9±65.9×10-9。观测期间PM2.5中NH4+平均质量浓度为 (19.77±33.24) μg·m-3。2013年夏季固城站NH3和NH4+质量浓度有较好的相关性，且浓度明显高于华北地区城市站点，说明由于农业施肥等活动导致固城站大气NH3和NH4+质量浓度水平显著提高。夏季NH3体积分数有明显日变化且呈单峰特征。2013年夏季固城站硫氧化率和氨转化率较高，说明SO2和NH3转化为SO42-和NH4+的速率较大。华北地区应加大对由农业活动造成的NH3排放的控制力度，以降低区域二次气溶胶污染。
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| 关 键 词： | NH3 PM2.5主要水溶性离子 氨转化率 华北乡村站点 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014-11-04 |
Characteristics of Atmospheric Ammonia at Gucheng,a Rural Site on North China Plain in Summer of 2013 |
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| Meng Zhaoyang;Xie Yulin;Jia Shihui;Zhang Rui;Lin Weili;Xu Xiaobin;Yang Wen.Characteristics of Atmospheric Ammonia at Gucheng,a Rural Site on North China Plain in Summer of 2013[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2015,26(2):141-150. |
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| Authors: | Meng Zhaoyang;Xie Yulin;Jia Shihui;Zhang Rui;Lin Weili;Xu Xiaobin;Yang Wen |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 1000812.University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 1000833.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 1000124.Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 1000375.Meteorological Observation Center of CMA, Beijing 100081 |
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| Abstract: | In-situ measurement of ambient ammonia (NH3) and water-soluble ions in PM2.5 is conducted at Gucheng, a rural site, from June to August in 2013. Gucheng is an integrated experiment site on ecological and meteorological observation belonging to Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences. This station is influenced by high NH3 emissions from fertilizer use and animal production in surrounding areas. Ammonia and other trace gases are observed by DLT-100 Ammonia Analyzer and a set of commercial instruments during summer of 2013. Hourly concentrations of the water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 are also measured with the Ambient Ion Monitor (URG 9000 Series, USA). Concentrations of NH3 at Gucheng range from 0.9×10-9 to 862.9×10-9, with the average of 43.9×10-9±65.9×10-9. In summer, high temperatures favor ammonia volatilization from fertilizer applied to the cropland. NH3 concentrations increase sharply after fertilizer application in July for summer maize. Mean concentrations of SO2, NOX and O3 are 4.3×10-9±5.5×10-9, 13.2×10-9±6.8×10-9 and 42.4×10-9±31.5×10-9 during the sampling period. The ammonia shows a significant diurnal variation during the sampling period. NH3 concentration maximum occurs at 0900 BT and the minimum at 1900 BT. The sulfate, ammonium and nitrate are dominant ions in PM2.5 with their average concentration being (20.46±13.62), (19.77±33.24) μg·m-3 and (11.34±9.14) μg·m-3, respectively. Ammonium shows significant positive correlations with NH3 concentration. To understand the relationship between particulate ions and their respective precursors, sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR), nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) and ammonia conversion ratio (NHR) are investigated. SOR and NOR represent the oxidation ratio of sulfate and nitrate, and NHR represents the conversion ratio of ammonium. Higher SOR and NHR have important effects on the conversion of SO2 to SO42- and NH3 to NH4+. The dependence of inorganic PM2.5 on NH3 levels suggest that controlling NH3 emission from agricultural sources could be an efficient way to reduce secondary inorganic particle pollution on North China Plain. |
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