| 基于流域的陕西省水资源承载力研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 夏玮静,王宁练,沈月.基于流域的陕西省水资源承载力研究[J].干旱区地理,2020,43(3):602-611. |
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| 作者姓名： | 夏玮静 王宁练 沈月 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0404302）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 以陕西省9个流域为评价单元，基于宏观指标和综合指标构建水资源承载力综合评价模型。通过分析经济压力、人口压力、承载压力及协调指数，进而对研究区水资源承载力进行评价并探讨其时空分布特征。结果表明：（1） 陕西各流域水资源承载力差异较为明显，其中陕南最大，陕北次之，汉中最小。陕南地区的汉江和嘉陵江两个流域水资源丰富且降水充足, WI<0.6处于承载适宜阶段，但该流域水资源利用效率较低HI<0.6，流域人均用水量、万元GDP用水量以及农田灌溉亩均用水量均超过全省平均水平。陕北地区的河口—龙门、内流区以及北洛河三个流域水资源紧缺且存在水质性缺水问题，处于轻度超载阶段；而关中地区的渭河、泾河、龙门三门峡及伊洛河四个流域水资源供需矛盾随着人口与经济的增长进一步加剧，水资源承载力综合评价指标值WI >1.5，处于严重超载阶段。（2） 从承载压力指数分析可以看出，流域调水对缺水地区或经济中心城市的发展起到决定性作用。从丰水流域跨流域调水能解决地区性缺水问题，进而解决水资源危机所带来的社会经济可持续发展问题。(3) 基于水资源的自然资源属性，以流域为评价单元，其研究结果更符合自然规律，有利于实现流域间水资源的合理均衡和分配。
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| 关 键 词： | 水资源 水资源承载力 流域 陕西省 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-06-14 |
Water resource carrying capacity in Shaanxi Province at
the scales of watersheds |
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| XIA Wei-jing,WANG Ning-lian,SHEN Yue.Water resource carrying capacity in Shaanxi Province at
the scales of watersheds[J].Arid Land Geography,2020,43(3):602-611. |
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| Authors: | XIA Wei-jing WANG Ning-lian SHEN Yue |
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| Abstract: | Water resource carrying capacity is a critical index
that is used to measure sustainable social and economic development in the arid
and semi-arid regions.Taking nine basins of Shaanxi Province,China as
evaluation units,this paper constructed a comprehensive evaluation model of
water resource carrying capacity from two aspects of the macro index and
comprehensive index,respectively,to reflect the size,carrying status,and
coordination status of water resources carrying capacity.Macro index refers to
the economic pressure index and the population pressure index.The comprehensive
index refers to the carrying pressure index and the coordination index,which
are calculated by constructing an index system that covers water resource,socio-economic
and ecological indexes.Finally,through the analysis of the economic pressure
index,population pressure index,carrying pressure index,and coordination
index,this paper evaluates and discusses the water resource carrying capacity
and the spatio temporal distribution characteristics of various basins
in Shaanxi Province.The results showed as follows:(1) the water resource of
various basins in Shaanxi Province are unevenly distributed and water resource
carrying capacity varies significantly,being maximum in southern Shaanxi and
minimum in northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong.The Hanjiang River and Jialing River
basins in southern Shaanxi are rich in water and rich in precipitation,and the
water resource carrying capacity (WI < 0.6) is in a suitable state.However,the water resource utilization
efficiency in these two basins is relatively low (HI < 0.6),and the water consumption per capita,per ten thousand
Yuan of GDP,and per mu of farmland
irrigation were all higher than the provincial average.Water scarcity and water
quality issues threaten the basins of Hekou Longmen,interior
drainage area,and Beiluo River in northen Shaanxi (1.20 < WI < 1.50).In addition,the water
resource carrying capacity is in a state of mild overload.With population and
economic growth,the four river basins of the Weihe River,Jing River,Longmen-Sanmenxia,and
Yiluo River in Guanzhong region have problems on water supply and
demand.Although these resources account for 61.75% of the provincial population
theoretically,they can only serve 18.52% of the total province.The
comprehensive evaluation index value of water resource carrying capacity is
greater than 1.5,which is in a severe overload state.(2) from the analysis of
carrying pressure index,it can be seen that the inter basin
water transfers play a decisive role in the development of water deficient areas and economic centers.As can be seen from Figure
2,the water consumption of the three basins in the Guanzhong region is greater
than their total water resources.In other words,inter-basin water transfers
from water-rich basins can solve the regional water shortage problem,and then
solve the socio-economic issues of sustainable development caused by water
crisis.(3) based on the natural resource attributes of water resources,the
results of research conducted on the basin,as an evaluation unit,were
essentially in line with the laws of nature,contributing to the realization of
rational balance and distribution of water resources. |
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| Keywords: | water resources water resource carrying capacity basin Shaanxi Province |
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