| 肯尼亚裂谷区地裂缝特征及成因分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 谭鹏,刘阳,蒋富强,温欣岚,王飞永,贾智杰.肯尼亚裂谷区地裂缝特征及成因分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2021,32(6):53-62. |
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| 作者姓名： | 谭鹏 刘阳 蒋富强 温欣岚 王飞永 贾智杰 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国路桥工程有限责任公司，北京 100011 |
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| 基金项目： | 内马铁路地裂缝形成机理与减灾对策研究（2019-ZJTDKJ-05）；东非裂谷区地裂缝灾害机理与防控（41920104010） |
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| 摘 要： | 肯尼亚裂谷位于东非大裂谷东支中段，现代构造运动以及火山活动强烈，是当今地学研究的热点地区。裂谷区因其独特的地质构造背景、岩土体特性以及气象水文条件，使得地裂缝灾害较为发育。文章以肯尼亚裂谷地裂缝为研究对象，利用资料收集、野外调查、槽探、钻探和室内土工试验等研究手段，对研究区的地质环境背景、地裂缝平剖面结构特征进行研究。裂谷拉张和火山活动等内动力地质作用是该区域地裂缝形成的控制因素，浅表部松散易潜蚀的土体是地裂缝形成的物质基础，强降雨为地裂缝的形成提供了水力条件，“软硬软”的地层结构为水力侵蚀物质提供了有利的堆积场所。将肯尼亚裂谷区地裂缝的形成演化过程分为3个阶段:孕育阶段、扩展阶段和成灾阶段。
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| 关 键 词： | 肯尼亚裂谷 地裂缝 平剖面特征 潜蚀 成因机理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-01-10 |
Analysis of the characteristics and causes of ground fissures in Kenya rift region |
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| Affiliation: | 1.China Road and Bridge Corporation, Beijing 100011, China2.College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China3.CCCC Railway Consultants Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 100088, China |
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| Abstract: | The Kenya Rift valley is located in the middle section of the eastern branch of the Great Rift valley in East Africa. Modern tectonic movement and volcanic activity are intense, and it is a hotspot in current geological research.The rift zone has developed ground fissure disasters due to its unique geological structure background, rock and soil characteristics, and meteorological and hydrological conditions. In this paper, we have studied the geological environment background, plane characteristics and shallow section structure characteristics of ground fissures in rift valley area through data collection, detailed field geological surveytrenching, drilling and indoor geotechnical tests. Internal dynamic geological processes such as rift extension and volcanic activity are the controlling factors for the formation of ground fissures in this area; the loose and easily eroded soil on the shallow surface is the material basis for the formation of ground fissures; strong rainfall provides hydraulic power for the formation of ground fissure Conditions: The "soft-hard-soft" stratum structure provides a favorable accumulation place for water-erosive substances. Finally, we divide the formation and evolution process of ground fissures in the Kenya Rift Valley into three stages, the incubation stage, the expansion stage and the disaster stage. |
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