| 乐山地区短时强降水时空分布及变化特征研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 邹槟骏,吕晓莉,王筱,江南,陈贝.乐山地区短时强降水时空分布及变化特征研究[J].高原山地气象研究,2022,42(2):25-31. |
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| 作者姓名： | 邹槟骏 吕晓莉 王筱 江南 陈贝 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.四川省乐山市气象局， 乐山 614000 |
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| 基金项目： | 乐山市气象局项目（LK2020-01） |
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| 摘 要： | 基于2013~2020年乐山地区9个国家自动站和136个区域自动站逐小时降水资料，应用诊断分析方法，系统研究了乐山地区短时强降水的时空分布及变化特征，探讨了短时强降水发生频次与地形因子的关系。结果表明:乐山地区短时强降水年均频次和极值均呈增加的趋势，强度较为稳定，变率不大。短时强降水在3~10月均有发生，其频次月分布呈现出单峰型的特征，集中发生在7~8月，占全年的77.7%，7月下旬~8月上旬发生频次又占7~8月总量的49.8%。短时强降水频次日变化呈单峰单谷结构，夜间发生概率最大，白天发生概率相对较小，22时~次日04时是短时强降水集中高发时段，虽然短时强降水在午后和傍晚的发生概率相对较小，但其强度较强，也应当引起重视。乐山地区短时强降水空间分布差异较大，存在两级分化的特点，与地形关系密切，总体呈西南部和东北部少、西北部—中部—东南部多的分布特征。短时强降水的发生与经纬度、海拔高度等地形因子显著相关，高发区主要集中在山谷喇叭口、岷江流域的河谷地带及城市热岛区。
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| 关 键 词： | 乐山地区 短时强降水 时空分布 日变化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-08-06 |
Spatial-temporal Distribution and Variation Characteristics of Short-time Heavy Precipitation in Leshan |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Leshan Meteorological Service, Leshan 614000, China2.Ya'an Meteorological Service, Yaan 625000, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on the hourly precipitation data of 9 national automatic stations and 136 regional automatic stations in Leshan from 2013 to 2020, the temporal and spatial distribution and variation characteristics of short-time heavy precipitation in Leshan were systematically studied by using statistical diagnostic analysis methods, and the relationship between the frequency of short-time heavy precipitation and topographic factors was discussed. The results show that the average annual frequency and extreme value of short-time heavy precipitation in Leshan showed an increasing trend, the strength was relatively stable. Short-time heavy precipitation occurred from March to October, the monthly distribution of short-time heavy precipitation frequency presented a single peak, which mainly occurred in July and August, accounting for 77.7% of the whole year. The frequency of short-time heavy precipitation from late July to early August accounted for 49.8% of the total from July to August. The diurnal variation of short-time heavy precipitation frequency showed a single peak and single valley structure. The probability of occurrence at night was the largest, and the probability of occurrence in the daytime was relatively small. The high incidence period of short-term heavy rainfall was from 22 : 00 to 04 : 00 next day. Although the probability of short-time heavy precipitation in the afternoon and evening was relatively small, but its intensity was strong. The spatial distribution of short-time heavy precipitation in Leshan was quite different, and there was a characteristic of two-level differentiation, which was closely related to the terrain. Generally, it was less in southwest and northeast, and more in northwest-central-southeast. The occurrence of short-term heavy rainfall was significantly related to topographic factors such as longitude, latitude and altitude. The high incidence area was mainly concentrated in the valley bell mouth, the valley area of Minjiang River and the Urban heat island. |
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