| 昆明和北京两幢建筑物表面热力效应的观测对比 |
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| 引用本文： | 张会宁,张一平,蓬云川,周跃,彭贵芬.昆明和北京两幢建筑物表面热力效应的观测对比[J].应用气象学报,2008,19(5):573-581. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张会宁 张一平 蓬云川 周跃 彭贵芬 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 昆明 650223 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金，云南省自然科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用昆明、北京两座城市内建筑物为研究对象, 对其不同朝向外墙壁面、屋顶面表面温度及壁面近旁气温进行了观测, 分析了建筑物外墙壁面表面温度及其近旁气温的垂直分布以及壁面、屋顶对周围大气的热力效应特征, 并对两座城市内建筑物的热力状况进行了比较分析。研究表明:建筑物表面温度受太阳辐射的影响要比近旁气温大得多, 一般说来, 壁面昼间是热源, 夜间是热汇; 受研究对象所在的大区域气候、人类活动等影响, 建筑物外表面的热力效应有许多异同; 建筑物屋顶面与近旁空气间的平均热通量基本为正值, 呈现较强的热源效应, 其热力效应强度与太阳辐射呈现正相关; 城市建筑物的外表面 (壁面、屋顶面) 已成为城市区域内有别于城市地面, 且对城市立体气候的形成具有不可忽视影响的热力作用面。
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| 关 键 词： | 城市热岛 建筑物外表面 热源 热汇 |
| 收稿时间： | 9/5/2007 12:00:00 AM |
Thermal Effects of Architecture Surface in Kunming and Beijing |
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| Zhang Huining,Zhang Yiping,Peng Yunchuan,Zhou Yue and Pen Guifeng.Thermal Effects of Architecture Surface in Kunming and Beijing[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2008,19(5):573-581. |
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| Authors: | Zhang Huining Zhang Yiping Peng Yunchuan Zhou Yue and Pen Guifeng |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 6502232.Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 6500933.School of Resources, Environments and Earth Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 6500914.Yunnan Professional Meteorological Observatory, Kunming 650034 |
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| Abstract: | Urban architecture and the urban heat island intensity is extremely closely r
elated. The buildings' outside surface exhibits unique thermal energy characteri
stic because it absorbs the solar radiation and thermal energy from people's dai
ly life influences buildings. The atmospheric thermal energy condition around bu
ildings is affected inevitably, then the urban climate is affected. The observat
ional data of buildings' external walls' surface temperature, rooftop surface te
mperature and the air temperature near the buildings' external surfaces in three
different cities of Kunming, Beijing utilized. The vertical dist
ribution rule of buildings' external surface temperature and air temperature nea
r the buildings' external surfaces, the thermal effect features of the wall, and
the rooftop between the nearby atmosphere are analyzed. The comparative analysi
s on two cities buildings thermal conditions is conducted. The following p
reliminary conclusions are drawn. In the same area, buildings' external walls' s
urface temperature and the air temperature near the buildings' external surfaces
are different respectively from different directions, seasons, and heights. The
influence of solar radiation on buildings' external walls surface temperature i
s greater than on the air temperature near the buildings' external surfaces. Gen
erally speaking, the wall's surface is a heat source in daytime, and a heat sink
at night. In different areas, there are many similarities and many differences
in the thermal energy affect on buildings' external walls. The heat flux of the
buildings' external walls basically is positive in daytime, is negative at night
, and there is an extreme small value just before sunrise in Kunming. While in s
ummer of Beijing, the heat flux of the buildings' external walls is b
asically negative in daytime and positive at night. This indicates that the infl
uence of climate and people's activity is great to the thermal energy effect on
the urban buildings' external walls in different cities. The average heat fluxes
between the buildings' rooftop and its nearby air are basically positive in dif
ferent areas and seasons. Buildings' rooftop displays the strong heat source eff
ect. The thermal energy effect intensity and the solar radiation show a positive
correlation. In summary, the urban building external surfaces (external wall su
rfaces, the surface of rooftop) are different from the ground in the urban regio
n, and is noticeably influential thermal active surface in the formation of urba
n climate. |
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| Keywords: | urban heat island buildings' external surfaces heat source heat sink |
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