| 大洋表层沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌群落的组成及分布特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘皓,许秋彤,王春生,荆红梅.大洋表层沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌群落的组成及分布特征[J].海洋学报,2023,45(1):80-88. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘皓 许秋彤 王春生 荆红梅 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所 中国科学院深海极端环境模拟重点实验室，海南 三亚 572000 |
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| 基金项目： | 海南省重大科技计划（ZDKJ2019011）；海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目（420RC677）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFC0309805）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（41776147）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 海洋沉积物中的甲烷代谢微生物是甲烷循环的关键参与者，其代谢过程对大气甲烷浓度及全球气候变化具有显著影响，研究其在全球大洋沉积物中的组成及分布特征是探究微生物介导甲烷循环的基础。采用焦磷酸454高通量测序测定甲烷代谢保守功能基因mcrA(Methyl coenzyme–M reductase A)分析全球大洋沉积物中甲烷代谢微生物群落的组成和多样性；结合荧光实时定量PCR技术检测了古菌和甲烷代谢古菌的丰度分布特征。与其他海洋生境对比，大洋沉积物中甲烷代谢古菌群落结构单一，大西洋和印度洋的α多样性指数显著高于太平洋(p<0.05)。在大洋沉积物样品中鉴定到3个目的甲烷代谢古菌，即甲烷杆菌目(Methanobacteriales)、甲烷八叠球菌目(Methanosarcinales)和甲烷微菌目(Methanomicrobiales)，其中甲烷微菌目占绝对优势，并主要由一簇未知类群(暂名Oceanic Sediments Dominant group,OSD group)组成。大洋沉积物的古菌16S rRNA基因丰度(湿重，下同)平均为8.81×106 copie...
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| 关 键 词： | 大洋表层沉积物 甲烷代谢古菌 mcrA基因 高通量测序 实时定量PCR |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-06-10 |
Composition and distribution of methane metabolic archaea in oceanic surface sediments |
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| Abstract: | The microorganisms that generate and utilize methane are recognized as the key parts of global methane cycle, and their metabolic process has significant effects on global climate change. The knowledge upon composition and distribution characteristics of these methane metabolic microorganisms in global ocean sediments is the basis to understand the participation of methane metabolizing microorganisms in marine sediments in methane cycle. Pyrosequencing based on functional gene mcrA (methyl coenzyme-M reductase A) was applied to study the community composition and abundance of methane metabolic microbes in global ocean sediments, and their abundance together with those of archaea were estimated with fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR. Compared with other marine habitats, the methane metabolic archaeal communities in the deep ocean sediments had a much lower diversity and simpler community structure. The α-diversity in Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean was significantly higher than that in the Pacific Ocean (p<0.05). Methanogens revealed from this study belong to three orders, Methanobacteriales, Methanosarcinales, and Methanomicrobiales. Methanomicrobiales as the dominant one was predominated by an unknown OSD group. The average abundance (wet weight, the same below) of archaeal 16S rRNA gene in all sediments was 8.81×106 copies/g. Those in Atlantic Ocean was lower than the other two oceans; while those in the Mariana Trench was lower than in the northern part of the South China Sea, and tended to decrease with the increase of sediment depth. The abundance of mcrA gene in all sediment samples was 1.38×103–8.25×104 copies/g. Those in Atlantic Ocean was the highest. It revealed that low abundance and diversity of methane metabolic archaea in the deep-sea sediments, and the high similarities among different communities among samples in different oceans. In addition, the OSD group recovered as the predominant group in this study had no close relationship with any other known genotypes in the GenBank, therefore, its taxonomic status was unknown and deserve further study. |
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