| Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Lightning Activity over the Pacific Ocean and Adjacent Land and Its Relationship with AOD and CAPE |
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| 作者姓名： | 初雨 郭凤霞 张志伟 邹迪可 吴泽怡 刘舟 鲁鲜 |
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| 摘 要： | Based on LIS/OTD gridded lightning climatology data, ERA5 reanalysis data, and MODIS atmosphere monthly global products, we examined latitudinal and daily variations of lightning activity over land, offshore areas, open sea, and all marine areas (i.e., the aggregate of open sea and offshore areas) for different seasons over the Pacific Ocean and the adjacent land areas at 65°N-50°S, 99°E-78°W, and analysed the relationships of lightning activity with CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) and AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth). At any given latitude, the lightning density is the highest over land, followed by offshore areas, all marine areas and the open sea in sequence. The lightning density over land is approximately an order of magnitude greater than that over all marine areas. Lightning activity over land, offshore areas, open sea, and all marine areas varies with season. The diurnal variation of lightning density over land has a single-peak pattern. Over the offshore area, open sea, and all marine areas, lightning densities have two maxima per day. The magnitude of the daily variation in mean lightning density is the largest over land and the smallest over the open sea. The lightning density over the Pacific Ocean and adjacent land areas is significantly and positively correlated with CAPE. The correlation is the strongest over land and the weakest over the open sea. Cloud Base Height (CBH) may affect the efficiency of CAPE conversion to updraft. CAPE has a positive effect on lightning activity and has a greater impact on land than on the ocean. Over the sea, both CAPE and AOD can contribute to lightning activity, but the magnitudes of the influence of CAPE and AOD on lightning activity remain to be determined. Lightning activity over land and sea is a result of the combined action of AOD and CAPE.
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| 关 键 词： | Pacific lightning land-sea contrast thermal conditions aerosol |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-12-10 |
Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Lightning Activity over the Pacific Ocean and Adjacent Land and Its Relationship with AOD and CAPE |
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| CHU Yu,GUO Feng-xi,ZHANG Zhi-wei,ZOU Di-ke,WU Ze-yi,LIU Zhou and LU Xian.Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Lightning Activity over the Pacific Ocean and Adjacent Land and Its Relationship with AOD and CAPE[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2022,28(4):473-488. |
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| Authors: | CHU Yu GUO Feng-xi ZHANG Zhi-wei ZOU Di-ke WU Ze-yi LIU Zhou and LU Xian |
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| Affiliation: | Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/ Joint International Research Laboratoryof Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/ Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation ofMeteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/ Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China MeteorologicalAdministration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China,Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/ Joint International Research Laboratoryof Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/ Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation ofMeteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/ Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China MeteorologicalAdministration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China,Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/ Joint International Research Laboratoryof Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/ Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation ofMeteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/ Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China MeteorologicalAdministration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China,Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/ Joint International Research Laboratoryof Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/ Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation ofMeteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/ Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China MeteorologicalAdministration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China,Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/ Joint International Research Laboratoryof Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/ Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation ofMeteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/ Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China MeteorologicalAdministration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China,Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/ Joint International Research Laboratoryof Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/ Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation ofMeteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/ Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China MeteorologicalAdministration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China and Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/ Joint International Research Laboratoryof Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/ Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation ofMeteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)/ Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China MeteorologicalAdministration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044 China |
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| Abstract: | Based on LIS/OTD gridded lightning climatology data, ERA5 reanalysis data, and MODIS atmosphere monthly global products, we examined latitudinal and daily variations of lightning activity over land, offshore areas, open sea, and all marine areas (i.e., the aggregate of open sea and offshore areas) for different seasons over the Pacific Ocean and the adjacent land areas at 65°N-50°S, 99°E-78°W, and analysed the relationships of lightning activity with CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) and AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth). At any given latitude, the lightning density is the highest over land, followed by offshore areas, all marine areas and the open sea in sequence. The lightning density over land is approximately an order of magnitude greater than that over all marine areas. Lightning activity over land, offshore areas, open sea, and all marine areas varies with season. The diurnal variation of lightning density over land has a single-peak pattern. Over the offshore area, open sea, and all marine areas, lightning densities have two maxima per day. The magnitude of the daily variation in mean lightning density is the largest over land and the smallest over the open sea. The lightning density over the Pacific Ocean and adjacent land areas is significantly and positively correlated with CAPE. The correlation is the strongest over land and the weakest over the open sea. Cloud Base Height (CBH) may affect the efficiency of CAPE conversion to updraft. CAPE has a positive effect on lightning activity and has a greater impact on land than on the ocean. Over the sea, both CAPE and AOD can contribute to lightning activity, but the magnitudes of the influence of CAPE and AOD on lightning activity remain to be determined. Lightning activity over land and sea is a result of the combined action of AOD and CAPE. |
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| Keywords: | Pacific lightning land-sea contrast thermal conditions aerosol |
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