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Adjoint Sensitivity Experiments of a Meso-β-scale Vortex in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River
引用本文:王智,高坤.Adjoint Sensitivity Experiments of a Meso-β-scale Vortex in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River[J].大气科学进展,2006,23(2):267-281.
作者姓名:王智  高坤
作者单位:[1]Shanghai Meteorology Center, Shanghai 200030 [2]Department of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027
基金项目:Acknowledgments. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 40075009 and 40505011. The authors would like to thank the computer center of the College of Science at Zhejiang University for computer support of the 0rigin2K.
摘    要:A relatively independent and small-scale heavy rainfall event occurred to the south of a slow eastwardmoving meso-α-scale vortex. The analysis shows that a meso-β-scale system is heavily responsible for the intense precipitation. An attempt to simulate it met with some failures. In view of its small scale, short lifetime and relatively sparse observations at the initial time, an adjoint model was used to examine the sensitivity of the meso-β-scale vortex simulation with respect to initial conditions. The adjoint sensitivity indicates how small perturbations of initial model variables anywhere in the model domain can influence the central vorticity of the vortex. The largest sensitivity for both the wind and temperature perturbation is located below 700 hPa, especially at the low level. The largest sensitivity for the water vapor perturbation is located below 500 hPa, especially at the middle and low levels. The horizontal adjoint sensitivity for all variables is mainly located toward the upper reaches of the Yangtze River with respect to the simulated meso-β-scale system in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces with strong locality. The sensitivity shows that warm cyclonic perturbations in the upper reaches can have a great effect on the development of the meso-β-scale vortex. Based on adjoint sensitivity, forward sensitivity experiments were conducted to identify factors influencing the development of the meso-β-scale vortex and to explore ways of improving the prediction. A realistic prediction was achieved by using adjoint sensitivity to modify the initial conditions and implanting a warm cyclone at the initial time in the upper reaches of the river with respect to the meso-β-scale vortex, as is commonly done in tropical cyclone prediction.

关 键 词:降雨量  伴随矩阵法  灵敏度  黄河
收稿时间:2004-10-27
修稿时间:2005-08-02

Adjoint sensitivity experiments of a meso-β-scale vortex in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River
Zhi Wang,Kun Gao.Adjoint sensitivity experiments of a meso-β-scale vortex in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2006,23(2):267-281.
Authors:Zhi Wang  Kun Gao
Affiliation:Shanghai Meteorology Center, Shanghai 200030,Department of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027
Abstract:A relatively independent and small-scale heavy rainfall event occurred to the south of a slow eastwardmoving meso- -scale vortex. The analysis shows that a meso- -scale system is heavily responsible for the intense precipitation. An attempt to simulate it met with some failures. In view of its small scale, short lifetime and relatively sparse observations at the initial time, an adjoint model was used to examine the sensitivity of the meso- -scale vortex simulation with respect to initial conditions. The adjoint sensitivity indicates how small perturbations of initial model variables anywhere in the model domain can influence the central vorticity of the vortex. The largest sensitivity for both the wind and temperature perturbation is located below 700 hPa, especially at the low level. The largest sensitivity for the water vapor perturbation is located below 500 hPa, especially at the middle and low levels. The horizontal adjoint sensitivity for all variables is mainly located toward the upper reaches of the Yangtze River with respect to the simulated meso- -scale system in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces with strong locality. The sensitivity shows that warm cyclonic perturbations in the upper reaches can have a great effect on the development of the meso- -scale vortex. Based on adjoint sensitivity, forward sensitivity experiments were conducted to identify factors influencing the development of the meso- -scale vortex and to explore ways of improving the prediction. A realistic prediction was achieved by using adjoint sensitivity to modify the initial conditions and implanting a warm cyclone at the initial time in the upper reaches of the river with respect to the meso- -scale vortex, as is commonly done in tropical cyclone prediction.
Keywords:mei-yu front heavy rainfall  meso- -scale vortex  adjoint method  sensitivity experiment
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