| 横断山脉纵向岭谷地区短时强降水时空分布特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 苏锦兰,宋金梅.横断山脉纵向岭谷地区短时强降水时空分布特征[J].高原山地气象研究,2020,40(1):23-29. |
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| 作者姓名： | 苏锦兰 宋金梅 |
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| 作者单位： | 大理国家气候观象台,大理 671003;中国气象局大理山地气象野外科学试验基地,大理 671003;大理机场气象台,大理 671003 |
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| 基金项目： | 云南省气象局预报员专项(TQ201602) |
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| 摘 要： | 利用横断山脉纵向岭谷典型区域2005~2019年28个地面气象观测站逐时降水数据,分析纵谷区短时强降水时空分布特征,结果表明:(1)纵谷区年降水量自西向东减少,而短时强降水量对年降水量的贡献则从西北向东南增加,短时强降水发生频率空间分布极不均匀,在0.1~6.7次/年之间,纵谷区上段发生频率很低,怒江下游和金沙江下游周边流域出现2个大值中心。(2)纵谷区短时强降水年发生频率具有0.022次/年的增加趋势。发生频率逐月变化峰值在7~8月出现,纵谷区下段2个大值中心在6~9月均明显存在;逐候变化多峰值特征突出(36、39~44、47和51候4个峰值),且51候后的下降趋势强于36候前的增加趋势,候频率高峰到达时间的空间分布表现出东北早、西南晚的特点。(3)发生频率日变化主峰值多出现在凌晨,次峰值在傍晚。子夜前后、凌晨、清晨三个时段频率空间分布均自北向南、东南增加,怒江和金沙江下游的2个大值中心明显,而午后、傍晚二个时段频率的空间分布差异较小。纵谷区中上段发生频率日变化幅度大,其西部多为夜发性短时强降水,而东部则以午后至傍晚的短时强降水为主,纵谷区下段发生频率日变化幅度小,午后、傍晚、夜间都会出现。短时强降水的这些时空分布特征与横断山脉纵向岭谷地形及南亚季风活动特性密切相关。
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| 关 键 词： | 横断山脉纵向岭谷地区 短时强降水 发生频率(次数) 时间变化 空间分布 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-02-28 |
Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Short-Time Heavy Rainfall over Longitudinal Valley Area in Hengduan Mountain |
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| SU Jinlan,SONG Jinmei.Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Short-Time Heavy Rainfall over Longitudinal Valley Area in Hengduan Mountain[J].Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research,2020,40(1):23-29. |
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| Authors: | SU Jinlan SONG Jinmei |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dali National Climate Observatory, Dali 671003, China;2. Dali Mountain Meteorological Field Experiment Base of China Meteorological Administration, Dali 671003, China;3. Meteorological office of Dali Airport, Dali 671003, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on the hourly precipitation data of 28 national stations from 2005 to 2019, the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of short-time heavy rainfall over Longitudinal valley area in Hengduan Mountain have been studied. The results show that:(1)Annual precipitation decreases from west to east in Longitudinal valley area, while percentage of short-time heavy precipitation in annual precipitation increases from northwest to southeast. The spatial distribution of short-term heavy rainfall frequency is extremely uneven, ranging from 0.1 to 6.7 times/a,and the upper part is less,but the downstream of Nu river and Jinsha river are maximums.(2)Annual short-time heavy rainfall increases by 0.022 times/a. Seasonal variation of frequency is obvious. The monthly variation peak appears in July-August,two maximum centers in the lower part are prominent from June to September. Four peaks of pentad variation are outstanding (36th, 39-44th, 47th, 51st pentad), and the decreasing trend after the 51st pentad is stronger than the increasing trend before 36th pentad. Spatial distribution shows that the peak frequency arrival time in northeast is earlier than that in southwest. (3)Main peak on diurnal variation of frequency occurs at wee hours, second peak at late in the afternoon. The spatial distribution of frequency increases from north to south and southeast,and that the two large value centers in the lower reaches of Nujiang and Jinsha river are obvious at midnight,wee hours and early morning,while the frequency shows little spatial distribution difference between afternoon and evening.Diurnal variation range of frequency is large in the middle and upper part of Longitudinal valley area, and the western part of that has short-time heavy rainfall at night, while the eastern part at afternoon and evening. Diurnal variation range of frequency is less in the lower part area, which occurs possibly in the afternoon, evening and night. These characteristics of short-time heavy rainfall are closely related to the terrain elevation of Longitudinal valley area in Hengduan Mountain and the South Asian Monsoon’s activity. |
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| Keywords: | longitudinal valley area in Hengduan Mountain short-time heavy rainfall the frequency time variation spatial distribution |
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