| 中国茶树春霜冻害研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 王培娟,唐俊贤,金志凤,马玉平,陈惠.中国茶树春霜冻害研究进展[J].应用气象学报,2021,32(2):129-145. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王培娟 唐俊贤 金志凤 马玉平 陈惠 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国气象科学研究院, 北京 100081 |
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| 摘 要： | 茶树作为我国主要经济作物，在早春萌发时易遭受霜冻害。我国茶树春霜冻多发于长江中下游，霜冻灾害指标可按照获取方法、数据类别、气象数据的时间尺度进一步细分。在气候变化背景下，茶树春霜冻发生次数虽呈下降趋势，但其危害不可忽视；其中，江南茶区茶树春霜冻的发生频率由南向北逐渐增加，随海拔升高逐渐增大。茶树春霜冻影响评估目前多集中于江、浙、皖、赣等茶区，且逐步由定性向定量发展；风险评估主要基于自然灾害风险形成机制划分不同的风险等级。今后，完善茶树春霜冻气象指标、构建基于茶园小气候的茶树春霜冻灾害指标、阐明全国茶树春霜冻时空分布特征、开展精细化茶树春霜冻风险评估将备受关注。
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| 关 键 词： | 茶树春霜冻 危害机理 灾害指标 时空分布 影响与风险评估 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-08-08 |
Review on Spring Frost Disaster for Tea Plant in China |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 1000812.Zhejiang Climate Center, Hangzhou 3100173.Fujian Institute of Meteorological Science, Fuzhou 350001 |
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| Abstract: | As a main economic crop in China, tea plant is prone to frost disaster when it germinates in early spring. The research progress and main achievements of tea plant spring frost disaster are systematically summarized. In southern Yangtze River, the research on disaster index and risk assessment of tea plant spring frost disaster is abundant. As for the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of the disaster, most of the existing studies are based on regional scales and provincial scales, focusing on Southern Yangtze River. There are few reports on the spatio-temporal distribution on the national scale. Tea plant spring frost disaster index can be divided into three categories based on classification criteria. According to data acquisition method, it can be classified into morphological index and laboratory physiological morphological index. According to data category, it can be determined only by meteorological data, or by both meteorological data and tea plant disaster symptoms. According to the time scale of meteorological data, it can be further subdivided into daily scale and hourly scale. In the context of global warming, although the frequency of tea plant spring frost is declining, its harm cannot be ignored. The frequency of tea plant spring frost in Southern Yangtze River shows latitudinal distribution characteristic that gradually increases from south to north. And the topographic distribution characteristic is also revealed that the frequency of tea plant spring frost increases with elevated altitude. For the impact assessment of tea plant spring frost, the areas, including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, and Jiangxi provinces, are paid close attention, and the research method is gradually developing from qualitative assessment to quantitative assessment. The risk assessment methods of tea plant spring frost mainly include fuzzy mathematics method and information diffusion method. In recently researches, risk levels are determined by models based on the natural disaster risk formation mechanism. In the future, the construction of tea spring frost disaster index based on the micro-climate factors in tea gardens will become hotspot. Furthermore, the meteorological index of tea spring frost should be improved, and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics on national scale, and the refined risk assessment will also be paid more attention. |
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