| 2007年淮河暴雨洪涝的气象水文特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 矫梅燕,金荣花,齐丹.2007年淮河暴雨洪涝的气象水文特征[J].应用气象学报,2008,19(3):257-264. |
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| 作者姓名： | 矫梅燕 金荣花 齐丹 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院大气物理研究所, 北京 100029 |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业(气象)科研专项基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用常规气象和水文资料, 分析了2007年淮河洪涝期间的气象水文特征, 探讨了淮河暴雨致洪原因。结果表明: 2007年淮河入梅后经历了7次暴雨和大暴雨过程, 其中导致淮河洪涝的强降雨主要出现在2007年6月29日—7月10日的4场强暴雨过程。大尺度的环流分析表明:淮河的强降水出现在大尺度环流形势相对稳定的梅雨形势下, 副热带高压的稳定对于强雨带的建立影响最明显; 淮河干流的水位流量变化呈现出上游水位高, 汛情严重的特征。王家坝的水位经历了两次快速上涨后超过保证水位, 水位的变化与淮河强降雨、尤其是淮河上游强降雨过程有较好的对应关系。与历史上淮河洪涝年比较发现:2007年淮河梅雨期的总降水量低于历史上淮河洪涝年的1954年、1991年和2003年的降水量, 为历史第4位; 淮河干流的水位则超过了1991年和2003年, 为历史第2位, 上游降水量大导致了淮河出现1954年以来的高水位。
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| 关 键 词： | 淮河洪涝 气象水文特征 致洪成因 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007-08-20 |
Meteorological and Hydrological Characteristics of Flood Related Torrential Rain over Huaihe River Basin in 2007 |
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| Jiao Meiyan,Jin Ronghu,Qi Dan.Meteorological and Hydrological Characteristics of Flood Related Torrential Rain over Huaihe River Basin in 2007[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2008,19(3):257-264. |
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| Authors: | Jiao Meiyan Jin Ronghu Qi Dan |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1000292.National Meteorological Center, Beijing 1000813.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 |
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| Abstract: | Based on the regular meteorological and hydrological data during the Huaihe Rive
r Basin torrential rain in 2007, the torrential rainfall process, the related la
rge scale atmospheric circulation pattern and the evolvement of the flood as the
meteorological and hydrological characteristics are analyzed. The conclusion he
reby is drawn for the cause of flood happening by the torrential rainfall. The
conclusion shows that the Huaihe River Basin flood is mainly related with seven
torrential rainfalls. The later four torrential rainfalls are recognized as the
significant factor to bring the Huaihe River Basin flood which happen during Jun
e 29 to July 10. Although the former three torrential rainfalls are not strong a
nd not recognized as the main cause of flood, the water increase is still led t
o and becomes the hidden trouble of the whole valley heavy flooding, because the
present of precipitation center is mainly in the northern Huaihe Basin where th
e anabranch of Huaihe is densely located. The large scale atmospheric circulatio
n pattern shows that the torrential rain in Huaihe River Basin occurs under the
quite typical Meiyu situation, and the stability of subtropical high has a great
impact on the establishment of strong rain belt. The hydrological data analysi
s reveals that the higher water line as well as the less water fluxes is on the
upriver of Huaihe River Basin which is associated with the severe flood. The inc
rease of the water level is directly led to by the heavy rainfall in the main H
uaihe River Basin, and the variable of the water level is associated with the
heavy rainfall especially in the upriver of Huaihe River. The rapid increase of
the water level of Wangjia dam is resulted in by the heavy rainfall in the up
river of Huaihe River Basin 2 days later, then the water level of Wangjia dam
exceeds the dangerous level after 2 phases rapidly increase. Based on the compa
rison and analysis with historical flood year of Huaihe River Basin, the result
shows that the accumulated precipitation during the period of Meiyu in Huaihe Ri
ver Basin in 2007 is the fourth heaviest in history, which is only less than the
flood year of 1954, 1991 and 2003. Nevertheless, the water level in the main Hu
aihe River Basin is higher than that in 1991 and 2003, which is the second in hi
sto
rical record since 1954. The water level of Wangjia dam is associated with the
area rainfall of Wangjia dam Dapoling and Dabie mountain valleys. The high wa
ter level of Wangjia dam is caused by the heavy rainfall in the upriver of the
Huaihe River Basin, which reflects the hydrological characteristics caused by th
e special geographical condition: The rainfall in the upriver is the main factor
to bring the high water level in the main Huaihe River Basin. |
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