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近百年气候变化与变率的诊断研究
引用本文:王绍武.近百年气候变化与变率的诊断研究[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,1994,52(3):261-273.
作者姓名:王绍武
作者单位:北京大学地球物理系
摘    要:总结了近百年来气候变化与变率的诊断研究结果,包括全球平均气温及降水量、中国平均气温及降水量,以及ENSO及QBO。指出全球有变暖趋势,1980年代是最暖的10年。但中国的情况有所不同,1920年代及1940年代最暖,而1980年代接近常年。全球降水量有增加趋势,但气温与降水的10年尺度变化并不完全一致。1950年代及1970年代为多雨期,1980年代降水反而减少。中国夏季降水变化的主要特征是冷湿、暖干。1920年代及1940年代是近百年最干的时期。1871—1993年共发生厄尼诺事件28次,拉尼娜21次。气候变暖时厄尼诺强,气候较冷时拉尼娜频率高。1951—1993年赤道平流层纬向风准两年振荡的平均长度为28.7个月,比1950年代末的估计(26.3个月)要长。1951年以前的周期长度可能在29个月左右。未发现QBO与气候变化有明显关系。

关 键 词:气候变化,气候变率,诊断研究,全球气候
收稿时间:1994/3/21 0:00:00
修稿时间:1994/4/23 0:00:00

DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES ON THE CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY FOR THE PERIOD OF 1880-1990
Wang Shaowu.DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES ON THE CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY FOR THE PERIOD OF 1880-1990[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,1994,52(3):261-273.
Authors:Wang Shaowu
Affiliation:Department of Geophysics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871
Abstract:iagnostic studies on the climate change and variability were reviewed. The main subjects were the global mean temperature and precipitation, temperature and precipitation in China. ENSO and QBO. It was indicated that global mean temperature experienced a warming during the 20th century. The 1980's was the warmest decade since the instrumental observations became available. However, the temperature change in China differed from the global one. The warmest decade in China was the 1920's and 1940's. Mean temperature of the 1980's was near normal. Global mean precipitation showed also an increasing trend.But, the greater positive anomaly was found in 1950's and 1970's. Mean precipitation anomaly of 1980's was near normal. The main climatic characteristics of China was cold/wet or warm/dry during the last one hundred years or so. The decade of 1920's and 1940's was the driest in China for this period. The ENSO events were identified according to SST and SOI from 1871 to 1993. 28 El Nino and 21 La Nina events were found. The frequency of El Nino increased some what when the global temperature was higher than the normal,and that of La Nina increased in the cold periods. The mean length of QBO of the equatorial zonal wind in the stratosphere from 1951 to 1993 was 28.7 months. The QBO phases were reconstructed for the period of 1873-1950 according to the numbers of subtropical cyclone in North Atlantic and Indian monsoon rainfall. No evidence was found to show any significant relationship between the QBO and the global climate change.
Keywords:Climate change  Climate variability  Diagnostic study  Global climate    
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