| 闸坝调控对河流水生态环境影响特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 左其亭,刘静,窦明.闸坝调控对河流水生态环境影响特征分析[J].水科学进展,2016,27(3):439-447. |
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| 作者姓名： | 左其亭 刘静 窦明 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.郑州大学水利与环境学院, 河南郑州 450001; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51279183;U1304509) |
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| 摘 要： | 为探讨闸坝工程对河流水生态环境的影响效应,进行实地闸坝调控实验,监测河流水质指标在不同调控(0 m3/s、20 m3/s、40 m3/s和60 m3/s)方式下的空间变化,并调查水生态指标,探析长期和短期的调控干扰对河流水生态环境的影响特征。结果表明:60 m3/s调控,有助于闸下污染物的氧化和分解,提高河流水体的自净作用;水体的强烈冲刷和扰动作用促进底泥中污染物向水体转化,极易造成闸下区域水体的突发性二次污染;短期频繁地开闸调控对浮游动植物的密度分布影响显著;长期的调控干扰导致水生生物群落和结构单一,水生态环境显著恶化,闸上区域负面影响更为严重。研究结果可为河流生态修护与可持续流域水环境管理提供科学依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 闸坝 闸坝调控 水质 水生态 水污染 影响特征 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-10-16 |
Analysis of the impact of dam operations on the river water ecological environment |
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| ZUO Qiting,LIU Jing,DOU Ming.Analysis of the impact of dam operations on the river water ecological environment[J].Advances in Water Science,2016,27(3):439-447. |
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| Authors: | ZUO Qiting LIU Jing DOU Ming |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;2.Center for Water Science Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China |
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| Abstract: | Our field experiment made a thorough investigation of the influences of dam operations on the characteristics of the river water eco-environment, and studied the spatial variation of water quality at different control modes (0 m3/s, 20 m3/s, 40 m3/s and 60 m3/s). We also monitored ecological indicators to allow us to analyze the long-and short-term effects of the dam on the river water eco-environment. The results showed that a flow of 60 m3/s benefitted oxidation and decomposition of water pollutants downstream of the dam, and improved river water self-purification. An increase in disturbance of water flow promoted pollutant transfer from the sediment into the water so that a sudden pollution accident resulting from sediment disturbance downstream of the dam could easily take place. Frequent operations occurring in a relatively short period of time significantly affected the density distribution of plankton. What's more, the long-term effects of dam operations led to the development of a very simple biological community and structure, the water eco-environment deteriorated markedly, and the negative effects on the river upstream of the dam were more serious than downstream. The results of this study are useful in providing reliable information for ecological river restoration and sustainable river basin management. |
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| Keywords: | dam dam operation water quality water ecosystem water pollution influence characteristic |
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