塔里木盆地北部深层风化壳储层的形成与分布
The formation and distribution of deep weathering crust in north Tarim Basin
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摘要: 塔北地区碳酸盐岩风化壳岩溶储层发育，储层具有质量好、分布面积广、埋藏深等特点，并已在轮南、塔河和英买力等地区发现数个亿吨级规模以上的大型油气田。本文通过对塔北地区200多口重要井的钻井、录井、测井、试油等第一手资料的系统分析，结合大量的分析化验资料与岩心及镜下观察，精细研究了风化壳储层的成因特点、分布规律与评价预测等。研究认为，寒武系发育白云岩型风化壳储层，以孔洞型储层为主; 奥陶系主要为灰岩型风化壳储层，储层的基质孔隙度较低，溶蚀孔洞、溶蚀扩大缝和构造缝是其主要的储集空间，储层以洞穴型储层和网状裂缝型储层为主。台地相发育的纯净碳酸盐岩、海西期构造运动导致地层的长期暴露剥蚀、断裂裂隙作用和晚期大气淡水淋溶等是控制塔北风化壳储层形成的的重要因素; 并发现塔北地区风化侵蚀能够作用到的深度主要在140m以内。虽然风化壳储层基质孔隙较差，但是储层物性受埋深影响不大; 在有利的古岩溶地貌和断裂发育区，即使在更大的埋藏深度，也可能发育规模较大、性能较好的储集体。Abstract: Carbonate weathering crust karst reservoir is developed in Tabei area, with the features of high quality, widely distributed and deeply buried, and several giant oil and gas fields, with trillion tons of oil and gas resources, have been discovered in Lunnan, Tahe and Yingmaili area. Based on system analysis of drilling, logging, oil testing and other first-hand data of over 200 important wells, combined with substantial testing data and cores & microscope observations, fine studies of the weathering crust reservoir genesis, distribution, prediction and evaluation have been carried out. Studies suggest that in the Cambrian dolomite weathering crust reservoir was developed, mainly pore-cave type; While in the Ordovician it’s mainly limestone weathering crust reservoir, with lower matrix porosity, and corrosion holes, corrosion expansion fractures and construction fractures were the main reservoir space, mainly cave-type reservoir and reticular fractured reservoir. Development of pure platform facies carbonate rocks, long-term exposure and erosion of formation caused by Hercynian tectonic movement, fracture fissure and late atmospheric leaching of fresh water are the important controlling factors of the weathering crust reservoir formation. And find that weathering erosion mainly occurs in the depth of less than 140m in Tabei area. Although the matrix porosity of weathering crust reservoir is poor, the depth has little effect to reservoir properties; in favorable paleokarst landforms and fracture zones, even in a greater burial depth, the reservoir of a larger scale, and better performance may also be developed.
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Key words:
- Deep reservoir /
- Weathering crust reservoir /
- Carbonate rock /
- Karst /
- Tabei area /
- Tarim Basin
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