Petrogenesis of Early Devonian intrusive rocks in the east part of Eastern Kunlun Orogen and implication for Early Palaeozoic orogenic processes
-
摘要:
研究发现，早泥盆世东昆仑造山带东段和西段均发育较大规模的岩浆活动。然而对于其成因、深部动力学机制以及与始特提斯构造演化的关联等问题一直缺乏系统的研究。本文以东昆仑东段地区跃进山岩体为例，探讨早泥盆世岩浆活动机理及其构造意义。该岩体主体由二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩组成，含少量的辉长岩和含堇青石花岗岩，前三种岩性是本文的重点。其中，二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩无角闪石和堇青石，具有高硅和钾，低铁、镁和钙，铝饱和指数(A/CNK)多数在1.0~1.1之间，富集大离子亲石元素(LILE: Rb、Th和K)和轻稀土(LREE)，明显亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、Ti、P和Eu等元素，属过铝质I-S过渡型花岗岩；辉长岩具有显著高的Fe和Ti(FeOT为8.17%~12.70%，TiO2为4.50%~6.54%)含量，高Cu(11.5×10-6~30.6×10-6)和Cu/Ni值(1.41~6.41)，相对富集的LREE((La/Yb)N为1.94~3.15，LREE/HREE为2.65~3.48)，相对低的Mg#(48~50)、Cr(3.8×10-6~60.4×10-6)、Ni(1.8×10-6~12.5×10-6)值，相对于原始地幔具有明显的Nb-Ta-Ti正异常。二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩均具有相对高的ISr值(分别为0.710~0.740和0.710)、相对低的εNd(t)值(分别为-4.05~-5.80和-3.54~-3.71)和偏古老的t2DM(分别为1.47~1.62Ga和1.43~1.45Ga)，但花岗闪长岩具有相对高的εHf(t)，其变化在-3.00~0.86。跃进山辉长岩具有相对高的ISr(0.711~0.714)、相对低的εNd(t)值(-3.44~-6.82)和较为集中的εHf(t)值(-2.19~1.05)，显示富集地幔的特征。本次利用LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb定年方法获得花岗闪长岩的形成年龄为407±3Ma，辉长岩的形成年龄为406±3Ma。综合岩石学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素等多方面的指标，可以判断该岩体的形成为：幔源岩浆上侵至地壳，供热诱发古老的地壳物质部分熔融产生S型岩浆最终形成含堇青石花岗岩，同时与壳源熔体发生混合产生I-S过渡型岩浆并经历较高程度的分异最终形成二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。跃进山与东昆仑造山带其他地区早泥盆世岩浆活动均具有与典型后碰撞岩浆作用类似的岩石组合，并且显示很强的幔源岩浆作用的印记。这表明，至少从早泥盆世开始，东昆仑地区已经进入后碰撞的伸展阶段。综合区域上的研究成果，本文认为早泥盆世应为中央造山带(特别是东昆仑、北秦岭和柴北缘)始特斯构造体制转换的关键时期，这一时期相关地体的碰撞拼合已基本完成，区域构造体制由挤压开始转向伸展。
Abstract:Large scale of Early Devonian magmatism was found in both east and west parts of Eastern Kunlun Orogen. But few studies were focused on its origin, geodynamic mechanism and relationship with Proto-tethys. This paper reports a typical Early Devonian intrusion from the east part of the Eastern Kunlun Orogen, which named Yuejinshan intrusion. The intrusion is mainly composed of monzogranite, granodiorite, some gabbro and cordierite-bearing granite, in which the nature of the first three rock types is the study object of this paper. Monzogranite and granodiorite samples are absence of hornblende and cordierite, and are characterized by relatively high contents of silicon and potassium, low contents of iron, magnesium and calcium, with moderate alumina saturation index (A/NCK=1.0~1.1) and enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILE: Rb, Th and K) and distinct depletion of Ba, Sr, Nb, Ta, Ti, P, Eu, etc., belonging to peraluminous I-S transition type granites. Gabbros are characterized by significantly high contents of iron and titanium (the contents of FeOT and TiO2 are 8.17%~12.70% and 4.50%~6.54%, respectively), relatively high Cu contents (11.5×10-6~30.6×10-6) and Cu/Ni values (1.41~6.41), enriched in LREE (the values of (La/Yb)N and LREE/HREE are 1.94~3.15 and 2.65~3.48, respectively), relatively low Mg# (48~50), Cr (3.8×10-6~60.4×10-6) and Ni (1.8×10-6~12.5×10-6), Nb-Ta-Ti anomalies relative to primitive mantle. Monzogranites and granodiorites have relatively high ISr values (0.710~0.740 and 0.710, respectively), low εNd(t) values (-4.05~-5.80 and -3.54~-3.71, respectively) and old Nd istope model ages (the t2DM values are 1.47~1.62Ga and 1.43~1.45Ga, respectively). But the granodiorites have relatively higher εHf(t) values (-3.00~0.86). Gabbros have relatively high ISr values (0.711~0.714), low εNd(t) (-3.44~-6.82) and more concentrated εHf(t) values (-2.19~1.05), which show the characteristics of an enriched mantle. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analyses suggest that the formation ages of granodiorites and gabbros are 407±3Ma and 406±3Ma, respectively. With a comprehensive consideration on petrology, geochemistry, whole rock Sr-Nd isotopes and zircon Lu-Hf isotope analyses, and so on, we consider the formation of Yuejinshan pluton had experienced the following processes. Mantle derived magmas rose to the crust and provided enough heat for partial melting of crust materials (meta-greywacke) which produced S-type cordierite-bearing granites. Meanwhile, they mixed with crust derived magmas and produced I-S transition type monzogranite and granodiorite. The Yuejinshan and other Early Devonian magmatisms in the Eastern Kunlun orogeny have the same rock assemblages as typical post-collisional magmatisms and show obvious marks of mantle magmatism, which suggests the Eastern Kunlun orogeny at least begun its post-collisional extension in Early Devonian. Combining with regional studies, this paper suggests that Early Devonian is a critical period for the tectonic transformation of the Central orogenic belt (especially for Eastern Kunlun, North Qinling and Northern margin of Qaidam basin). During this period, the merging of terranes had finished and the tectonic framework begun to transfer from compression to extension.
-
Key words:
- Early Devonian /
- Intrusive rocks /
- Proto-tethys /
- Tectonic evolution /
- Eastern Kunlun Orogen
-
-
图 1
东昆仑造山带东段大地构造位置(a)和侵入岩地质分布简图(b)
Figure 1.
The tectonic location (a) and simplified geological map (b) of east part of the Eastern Kunlun Orogen
图 2
跃进山岩体地质简图(底图据青海省区调综合地质大队, 1996①修改)
Figure 2.
Simplified geological map of the Yuejinshan intrusive rocks
图 4
跃进山岩体三个不同岩石单元显微镜下照片
Figure 4.
Photomicrographs of the typical textures of the Yuejinshan intrusive rocks
图 5
火成岩QAP分类三角图(底图据IUGS 1972推荐，Le Maitre, 1989)和化学成分TAS分类图(底图据Middlemost, 1994)
Figure 5.
The QAP (after Le Maitre, 1989) and TAS (after Middlemost, 1994) classification diagrams
图 6
花岗闪长岩(NM06-1)典型锆石阴极发光图像和锆石U-Pb谐和图
Figure 6.
Zircon CL images and U-Pb concordia diagram for the Yuejinshan granodiorite (NM06-1)
图 7
辉长岩(YJ05-4)典型锆石阴极发光图像和锆石U-Pb谐和图
Figure 7.
Zircon CL images and U-Pb concordia diagram for the Yuejinshan gabbro (YJ05-4)
图 8
跃进山岩体K2O-SiO2(底图据Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976)和A/NK-A/CNK图解(底图据Shand, 1927)
Figure 8.
K2O-SiO2 (after Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976) and A/NK-A/CNK (after Shand, 1927) diagrams
图 9
跃进山岩体不同岩石单元哈克图解
Figure 9.
Harker digrams of major elements for the Yuejinshan intrusive rocks
图 10
跃进山岩体不同岩石单元稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布型式图(标准化值据Talyor, 1985)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(标准化值据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Figure 10.
Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (normalizing data after Talyor, 1985) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergrams (normalizing data after Sun and McDonough, 1989) of the Yuejinshan intrusive rocks
图 11
(CaO+Al2O3)-(FeOT+TiO2)-MgO 图解(底图据Zhou et al., 2005)
Figure 11.
(CaO+Al2O3)-(FeOT+TiO2)-MgO diagram of the Yuejinshan gabbros (after Zhou et al., 2005)
图 12
东昆仑造山带早古生代岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年龄统计直方图
Figure 12.
The histogram of zircon U-Pb ages of Early Paleozoic magmatic rocks in the Eastern Kunlun Orogen
图 16
花岗岩铝饱和指数(A/CNK)-锆石饱和温度(T)和闪长岩Mg#-SiO2图解(据Kaygusuz et al., 2008修改)
Figure 16.
Alumina saturation index (A/CNK) vs. zircon saturated temperature diagram of granites and Mg#-SiO2 diagram of diorites
-
Aden AJ and Frizzo P. 1996. Geochemistry and origin of low and high TiO2 mafic rocks in the Barkasan complex: A comparison with common Neoproterozoic gabbros of northern Somali crystalline basement. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 22(1): 43-54
Altherr R, Holl A, Hegner E, Langer C and Kreuzer H. 2000. High-potassium, calc-alkaline I-type plutonism in the European Variscides: Northern Vosges (France) and northern Schwarzwald (Germany). Lithos, 50(1-3): 51-73
Barbarin B. 1999. A review of the relationships between granitoid types, their origins and their geodynamic environments. Lithos, 46(3): 605-626
Barnes SJ, Naldrett AJ and Gorton M. 1985. The origin of the fractionation of platinum-group elements in terrestrial magmas. Chemical Geology, 53: 303-323
Belousova EA, Griffin WL, O'Reilly SY and Fisher NI. 2002. Igneous zircon: Trace element composition as an indicator of source rock type. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 143(5): 602-622
Blichert-Toft J and Albarède F. 1997. The Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry of chondrites and the evolution of the mantle-crust system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 148: 243-258
Bonin B, Azzouni-Sekkal A, Bussy B and Ferrag S. 1998. Alkali-calcic and alkaline post-orogenic (PO) granite magmatism: Petrologic constraints and geodynamic settings. Lithos, 45: 45-70
Bonin B. 2004. Do coeval mafic and felsic magmas in post-collisional to within-plate regimes necessarily imply two contrasting, mantle and crustal, source? A review. Lithos, 78: 1-24
Brooks CK, Larsen IM and Nielsen TFD. 1991. Importance of iron-rich tholeiitic magmas at divergent plate margins: A reappraisal. Geology, 19:269-272
Chappell BW and White AJR. 1974. Two constrasting granite types. Pacific Geology, 8: 173-174
Chappell BW. 1988. Origin of infracrustal (I-type) granite magmas. Transactions of the Royal Society of Ediburgh: Earth Sciences, 79:71-86
Chappell BW. 1999. Aluminium saturation in I- and S- type granites and the characterization of fractionated haplogranites. Lithos, 46:535-551
Chappell BW and White AJR. 2001. Two contrasting granite types: 25 years later. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 48(4): 489-499
Chen HW, Luo ZH, Mo XX, Zhang XT, Wang J and Wang BZ. 2006. SHRIMP ages of Kayakedengtage complex in the East Kunlun Mountains and their geological implications. Acta Petrologia et Mineralogica, 25(1): 25-32(in Chinese with English abstract)
Chen NS, Sun M, Zhang KX and Zhu YH. 2000. 40Ar-39Ar and U-Pb ages of metadiorite from the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt: Evidence for Early Paleozoic magmatic zone and excess argon in amphibole minerals. Chinese Science Bulletin, 45(21): 2337-2342(in Chinese)
Chen NS, He L, Sun M, Wang GC and Zhang KX. 2002. Precise timing of the Early Paleozoic metamorphism and thrust deformation in the Eastern Kunlun Orogen. Chinese Science Bulletin, 47(8): 628-631(in Chinese)
Chen YL. 1999. Geochemistry of Granitoids from the Eastern Tianshan Mountains and the Northern Qinling Belt. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-141(in Chinese)
Collins WJ and Richards SW. 2008. Geodynamic significance of S-type granite in circum-Pacific orogens. Geology, 36(7): 559-562
Cui MH, Meng FC and Wu XK. 2011. Early Ordovician island arc of Qimantag Mountain, eastern Kunlun: Evidences from geochemistry, Sm-Nd isotope and geochronology of intermediate-basic igneous rocks. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 27(11): 3365-3379(in Chinese with English abstract)
Deng JF, Luo ZH and Su SG, et al. 2004. Petrogenesis, Tectonic Setting and Mineralization. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-381(in Chinese)
DePaolo DJ. 1981. Trace element and isotopic effects of combined wallrock assimilation and fractional crystallization. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 53: 189-202
Gao S, Rudnick RL, Yuan HL, Liu XM, Liu YS, Xu WL, Ling WL, Ayers J, Wang XC and Wang QH. 2004. Recycling lower continental crust in the North China Craton. Nature, 432(7019): 892-897
Gao XF, Xiao PX, Xie CR, Fan LY, Guo L and Xi RG. 2010. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and geological significance of Bashierxi granite in the eastern Kunlun area, China. Geological Bulletin of China, 29(7): 1001-1008(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gao YB and Li WY. 2011. Petrogenesis of granites containing tungsten and tin ores in the Baiganhu deposit, Qimantage, NW China: Constraints from petrology, chronology and geochemistry. Geochimica, 40(4): 324-336(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gerdes A, Montero P and Bea F. 2002. Peralminous granites frequently with mantle-like isotope compositions the continental-type Murzinka and Dzhabyk batholiths of the eastern Urals. Int. J. Earth Sciences (Geol. Rundsch), 91: 3-19
Green TH. 1995. Significance of Nb/Ta as an indicator of geochemical processes in the crust-mantle system. Chemical Geology, 120: 347-359
Griffin WL, Pearson NJ, Belousova E, Van Ach-terbergh E, O'Reilly SY and Shee SR. 2000. The Hf isotope composition of cratonic mantle: LAM-MC-ICPMS analysis of zircon megacrysts in kimberlites.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64(1): 133-147
Halama R, Marks M, Brügmann G, Siebel W, Wenzel T and Markl G. 2004. Crustal contamination of mafic magmas: Evidence from a petrological, geochemical and Sr-Nd-Os-O isotopic study of the Proterozoic Isortoq dike swarm, South Greenland. Lithos, 74: 199-232
Hanski EJ. 1992. Petrology of the Pechenga ferropicrites and cogenetic, Ni-bearing gabbro-wehrlite intrusions, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin, 367: 192
Harris N, Vance D and Ayres M. 2000. From sediment to granite: Timescales of anatexis in the upper crust. Chemical Geology, 162(2): 155-167
Hofmann AW. 1988. Chemical differentiation of the Earth: The relationship between mantle, continental crust, and oceanic crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 90(3): 297-314
Hu ZC, Gao S, Liu YS, Hu SH, Chen HH and Yuan HL. 2008. Signal enhancement in laser ablation ICP-MS by addition of nitrogen in the central channel gas. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 23(8): 1093-1101
Kaygusuz A, Siebel W, Sen C and Stair M. 2008. Petrochemistry and petrology of I-type granitoids in an arc setting: The composite Torul pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97: 739-764
Kemp AIS, Hawkesworth CJ, Foster GL, Paterson A, Woodhead JD, Hergt JM, Gray CM and Whitehouse MJ. 2007. Magmatic and crustal differentiation history of granitic rocks from Hf-O isotope in zircon. Science, 315: 980-983
Le Maitre RW, Bateman P, Dudek A, Keller J, Lameyre J, Le Bas MJ, Sabine PA, Schmid R, Sorensen H, Streckeisen A, Woolley AR and Zanettin B. 1989. A Classification of Igneous Rocks and Glossary of Terms: Recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific
Lei M. 2010. Petrogenesis of granites and their relation to tectonic evolution of orogen in the east part of Qingling orogenic belt. Ph. D. Dissertation. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1-162(in Chinese with English summaey)
Lerch MF, Xue F, Kröner A, Zhang GW and Tod W. 1995. A Middle Silurian-Early Devonian magmatic arc in the Qinling Mountains of Central China. The Journal of Geology, 103(4): 437-449
Lesher CM and Stone WE. 1996. Exploration geochemistry of komatiites. In: Wyman DA (ed.). Igneous Trace Element Geochemical Applications for Massive Sulphide Exploration. Geological Association of Canada, Short Course Notes, 12: 153-204
Lesher CM and Keays RR. 2002. Komatiite-associated Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits. In: Cabri LJ (ed.). The Geology, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Mineral Beneficiation of the Platinum-Group Elements. Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Special Volume, 54: 579-618
Li DP, Li J, Zhang HJ, Li XL, Zhou XK and Du SX. 2003. The turbidite of the Silurian Baiganhu Formation in the Qimantage mountain Eastern Kunlun. Geology of Shaanxi, 21(2): 39-44(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li HK, Lu SN, Xiang ZQ, Zhou HY, Guo H, Song B, Zheng JK and Gu Y. 2006. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age of the granulite from the Qingshuiquan area, Central Eastern Kunlun Suture Zone. Earth Science Frontiers, 13(6): 311-321 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li HM, Chen ZH, Xiang ZQ, Li HK, Lu SN, Zhou HY and Song B. 2006. Difference in U-Pb isotope ages between baddeleyite and zircon in metagabbro from the Fushui complex in the Shangnan-Xixia area, Qinling orogen. Geological Bulletin of China, 25(6): 653-659(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li RB, Pei XZ, Li ZC, Liu ZQ, Chen YX, Wang XL, Wei FG, Zhang G, Yang ZZ. 2011. The change of tectonic framework of East Kunlun orogen at the late stage of Early Paleozoic: Constrained by geochemistry and geochronology of Helegangna alkali granites. Xi'an: Abstracts of the National Symposium on Petrology and Geodynamics, 330(in Chinese)
Li XH, Li ZX, Li WX, Liu Y, Yuan C, Wei GJ and Qi CS. 2007. U-Pb zircon, geochemical and Sr -Nd-Hf isotopic constraints on age and origin of Jurassic I- and A-type granites from central Guangdong, SE China: A major igneous event in response to foundering of a subducted flat-slab? Lithos, 96:186-204
Liu YS, Hu ZC, Gao S, Günther D, Xu J, Gao CG and Chen HH. 2008a. In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard. Chemical Geology, 257(1-2): 34-43
Liu YS, Zong KQ, Kelemen PB and Gao S. 2008b. Geochemistry and magmatic history of eclogites and ultramafic rocks from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drill hole: Subduction and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism of lower crustal cumulates. Chemical Geology, 247: 133-153
Liu YS, Gao S, Hu ZC, Gao CG, Zong KQ and Wang DB. 2010a. Continental and oceanic crust recycling-induced melt-peridotite interactions in the Trans-North China Orogen: U-Pb dating, Hf isotopes and trace elements in zircons from mantle xenoliths. Journal of Petrology, 51(1-2): 537-571
Liu YS, Hu ZC, Zong KQ, Gao CG, Gao S, Xu J and Chen HH. 2010b. Reappraisement and refinement of zircon U-Pb isotope and trace element analyses by LA-ICP-MS. Chinese Science Bulletin, 55(15): 1535-1546
Long XP, Jin W and Yu N. 2005. Raman spectroscopic study of zircons in the Jinshuikou gneissic in east Golmud, East Kunlun. Geological Bulletin of China, 24(1): 36-40(in Chinese with English abstract)
Long XP, Jin W, Ge WC and Yu N. 2006. Zircon U-Pb geochronology and geological implications of the granitoids in Jinshuikou, East Kunlun, NW China. Geochimica, 35(4): 333-345(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lu L, Wu ZH, Hu DG, Barosh PJ, Hao S and Zhou CJ. 2010. Zircon U-Pb ages for rhyolite of the Maoniushan Formation and its tectonic significance in the East Kunlun Mountains. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 26(4): 1150-1158(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lu SN. 2002. Precambrian Geology in Northern Tibetan Plateau. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-125(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lu YF. 2004. Geokit-Ageochemical toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Geochimica, 33(5):459-464 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Ludwig KR. 2003. Users manual for Isoplot 3.00: A geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Exccel. Berkeley Geochron. Cent. Spec. Pub., 25-32
Middlemost EAK. 1994. Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system. Earth-Science Reviews, 37: 215-224
Mo XX, Luo ZH, Deng JF, Yu XH, Liu CD, Chen HW, Yuan WM and Liu Yunhua. 2007. Granitoids and crustal growth in East-Kunlun orogenic Belt. Geological Journal of China Universities, 13(3): 403-414(in Chinese with English abstract)
Peccerillo A and Taylor SR. 1976. Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 58(1): 63-81
Pei XZ, Wang T, Ding SP, Li Y and Hu B. 2003. Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of Nroproterozoic adakitic granitoids on the north side of the Shangdan zone in the East Qinling. Geology in China, 30(4): 373-381(in Chinese with English abstract)
Qiu JS, Xiao E, Hu J, Xu XS, Jiang SY and Li Z. 2008. Petrogenesis of highly fractionated I-type granites in the coastal area of northeastern Fujian Province: Constrains from zircon U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry and Nd-Hf isotopes. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 24(11): 2468-2484(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ren JH, Liu YQ, Feng Q, Han WZ, Gao H and Zhou DW. 2009. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating and geochemical characteristics of diabase-dykes from the Qingshuiquan area,eastern Kunlun orogenic belt. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 25(5): 1135-1145(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sylvester PJ. 1998. Post-collisional strongly peraluminous granites. Lithos. 45: 29-44
Shand SJ. 1927. Eruptive Rocks. New York: Wiley & Sons
Soderlund U, Patchett P J, Vervoort J D and Isachsen CE. 2004. The 176Lu decay constant determined by Lu-Hf and U-Pb isotope systematics of Precambrian mafic intrusions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 219: 311-324
Sun SS and McDonough WF. 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunders AD and Norry MJ (eds.). Magmatism in Oceanic Basins. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42: 313-345
Taylor SR and Mclennan SM. 1985. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1-328
Tian W and Wei CJ. 2005. Caledonian low Al-TTG series rocks in North Qingling: The characters, petrology and geological significations. Science in China (Series D), 35(3): 215-224(in Chinese)
Topuz G, Altherr R, Schwarz WH, Siebel W, Satir M and Dokuz A. 2005. Post-collisional plutonism with adakite-like signatures the Eocene Sarayck granodiorite (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 150: 441-455
Wang GC, Wei QR, Jia CX, Zhang KX, Li DW, Zhu YH and Xiang SY. 2007. Some ideas of Precambrian geology in the East Kunlun, China. Geological Bulletin of China, 26(8): 929-937(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang T, Wang XX, Tian W, Zhang CL, Li WP and Li S. 2009. North Qinling Paleozoic granite associations and their variation in space and time: Implications for orogenic processes in the orogens of central China. Science in China (Series D), 39(7): 949-971(in Chinese)
Waston EB. 1979. Zircon saturation in felsic liquids: Experimental results and applications to trace element geochemistry. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 70(4): 407-419
Waston EB and Harrison TM. 1983. Zircon saturation revisited: Temperature and composition effects in a variety of crustal magma types. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 64(2): 295-304
Wolf MB and London D. 1994. Apatite dissolution into peraluminous haplogranite melts: An experimental study of solubilities and mechanism. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58: 4127-4145
Wu CL, Yang JS, WoodenJ L, Shi RD and Chen SY. 2004. Zircon U-Pb SHRIMP dating of the Yematan batholith in Dulan, North Qaidam, NW China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 49(16): 1667-1672(in Chinese)
Wu CL, Gao YH, Wu SP and Chen QL, Wooden JL, Mazadab FK and Mattinson C. 2008. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages and geochemistry of granites in the west part of northern margin of Qaidam Basin, NW China. Science in China (Series D), 38(8): 930-949(in Chinese)
Wu FY, Li XH, Yang JH and Zheng YF. 2007. Discussions on the petrogenesis of granites. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 23(6): 1217-1238(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu SP. 2008. The petrogenesis of Paleozoic granitoids in the north margin of Qaidam Basin and their orogenic response. Ph. D. Dissertation. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1-152 (in Chinese with English summary)
Xiao QH, Deng JF, Ma DQ et al. 2002. The Ways of Investigation on Granitoids. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-294 (in Chinese)
Xiao QH, Wang T, Deng JF, Mo XX, Lu XX, Hong DW, Xie CF, Luo ZH, Qiu RZ and Wang XX. 2009. Granitoids and Continent Growth of Key Orogene in China. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-528(in Chinese)
Xu ZQ, Yang JS, Li HB and Yao JX. 2006. The Early Palaeozoic terrence framework and the formation of the high pressure (HP) and ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphic belts at the central orogenic belt (COB) Acta Geologica Sinica, 80(12): 1793-1806(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu ZQ, Yang JS, Li HB, Zhang JX, Wu CL et al. 2007. Orogenic Plateau: Terrane Aamalgamation, Collision and Uplift in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-458(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yan QR, Chen JL, Wang ZQ, Yan Z, Wang T, Li QG, Zhang ZQ and Jiang CF. 2008. Zircon U-Pb and geochemical analyses for leucocratic intrusive rocks in pillow lavas in the Danfeng Group, north Qinling Mountains, China. Science in China (Series D), 51(2): 249-262
Yang JS, Robinson PT, Jiang CF and Xu ZQ. 1996. Ophiolites of the Kunlun Mountains, China and their tectonic implications. Tectonophysics, 258: 215-231
Yang JS, Xu ZQ, Ma CQ, Zhang JX, Wang ZQ, Wang GC, Zhang HF, Dong YP and Lai SC. 2010. Compound orogeny and scientific problems concerning the Central Orogenic Belt of China. Geology in China, 37(1): 1-11(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yu N, Jin W, Ge WC and Long XP. 2005. Geochemical study on peraluminous granite from Jinshuikou in East Kunlun. Global Geology, 24(2): 123-128(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yu SY, Zhang JX and Del Real PG. 2012. Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb ages of adakitic rocks from the Dulan area of the North Qaidam UHP terrane, north Tibet: Constraints on the timing and nature of regional tectonothermal events associated with collisional orogeny. Lithos, 21(1): 167-179
Yuan GB, Wang HC, Li HM, Hao GJ, Xin HT, Zhang BH, Wang QH and Tian Q. 2002. Zircon U-Pb age of the gabbros in Luliangshan area on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin and its geological implication. Progress in Precambrian Research, 25(1): 37-40(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yuan HL, Gao S, Dai MN, Zong CL, Günther D, Fontaine GH, Liu XM and Diwu CR. 2008. Simultaneous determinations of U-Pb age, Hf isotopes and trace element compositions of zircon by excimer laser-ablation quadrupole and multiple-collector ICP-MS. Chemical Geology, 247: 100-118
Zhang HF, Harris N, Parrish R, Kelley S, Zhang L, Rogers N, Argles T and King J. 2004. Causes and consequences of protracted melting of the mid-crust exposed in the North Himalayan. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 228(1-2):195-212
Zhang JX, Meng FC, Wang YS, Yang JS and Dong GA. 2003. Early Paleozoic tectono-thermal event of the Jinshuikou Group on the southern margin of Qaidam: Zircon U-Pb SHRIMP age evidence. Geological Bulletin of China, 22(6): 397-404(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang Q, Wang Y, Pan GQ, Li CD and Jin WJ. 2008. Source of granites: Some crucial questions on granite study (4) Acta Petrologica Sinica, 24(6): 1193-1204(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang YF, Pei XZ, Ding SP, Li RB, Feng JY, Sun Y, Li ZC and Chen YX. 2010. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of quartz diorite at the Kekesha area of Dulan County, eastern section of the East Kunlun orogenic belt, China and its significance. Geological Bulletin of China, 29(1): 79-85(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang YL, Zhang XJ, Hu DG, Shi YN and Lu L. 2010a. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages of rhyolite from the Naij Tal Group in the East Kunlun orogenic belt. Journal of Geomechanics, 16(1): 21-27(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang YL, Hu DG, Shi YN and Lu L. 2010b. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages and tectonic significance of Maoniushan Formation volcanic rocks in East Kunlun orogenic belt, China. Geological Bulletin of China, 29(11): 1614-1618(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang ZQ, Zhang GW, Liu DY, Wang ZQ, Tang SH and Wang JH. 2006. Isotopic Geochronology and Geochemistry of Ophiolites, Granites and Calstic Sedimentary Rocks in the Qinling Orogenic Belt. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1-348(in Chinese)
Zhao ZM, Ma HD, Wang BZ, Bai YS, Li RS and Ji WH. 2008. The evidence of intrusive rocks about collision-orogeny during Early Devonian in Eastern Kunlun area. Geological Review, 54(1): 47-56(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhong YF, Ma CQ and She ZB. 2006. Geochemical characteristics of zircon and its applications in Geosciences. Geological Science and Technology Information, 25(1): 27-34(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhou CJ, Hu DG, Barosh PJ, Wu ZH, Zhang YQ, Geng JZ, Hao S, Ni JY and Zhang YL. 2001. Zircon U-Pb dating of the rhyolite-dacite porphyry in the Sandaowan of East Kunlun Mountains and its geological significance. Journal of Geomechanics, 16(1): 28-35(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhou MF, Robinson PT, Lesher CM, Keays RR, Zhang CJ and Malpas J. 2005. Geochemistry, petrogenesis and metallogenesis of the Panzhihua gabbroic layered intrusion and associated Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits, Sichuan Province, SW China. Journal of petrology, 46(11): 2253-2280
Zhu DC, Mo XX, Wang LQ, Zhao ZD, Niu YL, Zhou CY and Yang YH. 2009. Petrogenesis of highly fractionated I-type granites in the Chayu area of eastern Gangdese, Tibet: Constraints from zircon U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes. Science in China (Series D), 39(7): 833-848(in Chinese)
Zhu XH, Chen DL, Liu L and Li D. 2010. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of Wanggaxiu gabbro complex in the Dulan area, northern margin of Qaidam Basin, China and its geological significance. Geological Bulletin of China, 29(2-3): 227-236(in Chinese with English abstract)
-
下载:
图(17)
计量
- 文章访问数: 10279
- PDF下载数: 6803
- 施引文献: 0