Characteristics and formation mechanism of the Cretaceous intermediate and mafic volcanic reservoirs in Songliao Basin, NE China
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摘要: 松辽盆地北部安达-汪家屯地区钻井大量揭示营城组中基性火山岩,并在其中获得了工业气流。TAS图解可划分出8种岩性,储层研究中归纳为6大类岩石类型,逾80%的有效储层分布于玄武岩和粗面岩之中。总结了4类11种储集空间类型及其特征,原生储集空间类型由喷发方式和喷发环境决定、其分布受火山岩岩相控制,次生储集空间发育程度受充填作用、溶解作用、风化淋滤作用和构造作用等影响。熔岩冷凝单元由单个或多个岩流单元组成、储层发育于其顶部和上部,每个冷凝单元构成相对独立的储层单元。火山岩旋回和期次顶部、近火山口和近源相带、靠近断裂等位置是储层发育的有利部位。玄武岩具有延伸范围广(10~22km)、储层厚度小(7~39m)等特点,储层勘探应优先寻找位于火山岩旋回和期次顶部的储层单元; 粗面岩延伸范围小(3.1~6.3km)、储层厚度大(100~200m),储层勘探应以寻找具备有利烃源和盖层条件的储集岩体为目标。Abstract: Numerous intermediate and mafic volcanic rocks of the Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation (K1y) are revealed by drill holes in Anda-Wangjiatun area of northern Songliao Basin and have been yielding commercial gas productions. Eight lithology types are indicated by alkali versus silica (TAS) diagram and they are further categorized to six reservoir rock types. Basalt and trachyte provided the most of effective reservoirs that amount to over 80% of the total. This paper summarizes four categories and eleven subcategories of reservoir spaces and their characteristics, considering that primary pore spaces and fractures are determined by volcanic eruption types and emplacing environment while their distribution was controlled by volcanic facies, and secondary porosity and permeability are effected by in-filling, dissolution, weathering, leaching and tectonic fracturing. Cooling units which are composed of single or several lava flow units have better reservoir properties in the top and bottom due to primary porosity distributions. Each of the cooling units behaves as a relatively independent reservoir unit. Favorable reservoirs are developed in the upper part of volcanic sequences, near vent facies and proximal facies as well as adjacencies to faults. Basaltic lava is characterized as widely extended with length of 10 to 22km and thin layered with thickness of 7 to 39m for each reservoir unit, which indicates that petroleum exploration in basalt should firstly aim at the reservoir unit on top of volcanic sequences. Comparatively, trachytic lava is featured with short extension (3.1 to 6.3km) and thick layered (100 to 200m), so that exploration should tend to look for reservoir rock bodies with favorable source and seal conditions.
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