scertainment and environment of the OIB-type basalts from the Dongbo ophiolite in the western part of Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone
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摘要:
雅鲁藏布江缝合带(YZSZ) 西段分为两支，南带蛇绿岩的成因对整个缝合带的性质和构造背景的探讨起到十分关键作用，但由于地区偏远、交通不便，研究程度一直十分薄弱。本文报道了南带的东波蛇绿岩中洋岛型玄武岩及有关沉积岩的发现和成因探讨。东波蛇绿岩主要由地幔橄榄岩(方辉橄榄岩、含单辉方辉橄榄岩和透镜状纯橄岩) 和上覆火山-沉积岩组成，未见堆晶岩和枕状熔岩等典型洋壳端元。火山-沉积岩盖层为一套稳定的海相层序，主要由硅质灰岩、红色硅质岩等沉积岩和玄武岩和玄武火山碎屑岩组成。OIB型玄武岩的特征表现为低SiO2和MgO，高TiO2、P2O5和(K2O+Na2O)，富集Nb、Ta，亏损Th、K、Pb、Sr。微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素数据显示，该玄武质源区来自石榴石尖晶石二辉橄榄岩2%~5%的部分熔融。成分研究显示，硅质岩形成于大陆边缘环境，为洋岛或海山和大陆边缘物质在生物作用下形成的。以上证据表明，东波火山-沉积岩层序具有典型海山特征，与世界上典型的地幔柱型蛇绿岩可对比，属于地幔柱热点活动的产物。因此，可以认为，地幔柱热点在与冈瓦纳大陆北缘岩石圈地幔相互作用过程中，不但促使YZSZ西段南带(达巴-休古嘎布) 特提斯洋盆打开，还可能与YZSZ蛇绿岩中普遍包含金刚石等异常地幔矿物群有直接的动力学关系。
Abstract:The western part of the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ) is divided into two sub-belts; the genesis of the south plays a crucial role in the interpretation of the geological setting, magmatic and tectonic processes of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean. Previous research about the Dongbo ophiolite was poor, due to harsh natural environment and traffic inconvenience. This paper reports the data on petrography and geochemistry of OIB-type basalts and associated sedimentary rocks in the Dongbo ophiolite and discusses their source characteristics and geological significance. Dongbo ophiolite consists of peridotite (including harzburgite, minor Cpx enriched harzburgite and dunite), mafic dikes and submarine volcanic-sendimentary rock sequences, no typical cumulates and pillow lavas. The stable marine volcanic-sedimentary sequences mainly composed of siliceous limestone, red chert, shale interbedded sandstone, basalt and basaltic volcaniclastic rocks. OIB-type basalts are characterized by low SiO2 and MgO, high TiO2, P2O5 and (K2O+Na2O) content, enrichment of Nb, Ta and REE, depletion of Th, K, Pb, Sr. Trace elements and Sr, Nd, Pb isotope data show that these basaltic lavas were derived from 2% to 5% partial melting of garnet spinel lherzolite. Siliceous rocks are of biogenic origin, and show a close relation to terrigenous component and seamount or island arc basalts. Above evidences indicate that the Dongbo volcano-sedimentary sequences have the typical seamount features, and the Dongbo ophiolite probably is related to a plume hotspot. Therefore, it can be considered, the plume hotspot underplating and interacting with the subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the Gondwana northern margin not only promoted opening the Daba-Xiugugabu Tethyan oceanic basin, but also prompted diamonds and other abnormal mantle minerals to be migrated upper mantle and wrapped in peridotite and chromite.
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Key words:
- OIB-type basalt /
- Chert /
- Plume hotspot /
- Ophiolite /
- Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone /
- Tibet
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图 1
青藏高原主要地体地质简图(据Liu et al., 2010; 许志琴等, 2011)
Figure 1.
Sketch map of the Tibetan Plateau showing major tectonic units and the research region (after Liu et al., 2010; Xu et al., 2011)
图 2
东波蛇绿岩区域地质图(杨经绥等, 2011a修改)
Figure 2.
Simplified geological map of the Dongbo ophiolitic massif in the YZSZ, Tibet (after Yang et al., 2011a)
图 3
东波蛇绿岩野外地质特征
Figure 3.
Field photographs of peridotite and associated with submarine volcanic-sedimentary rocks in the Dongbo massif
图 4
东波超镁铁岩中基性岩和酸性凝灰岩的野外特征
Figure 4.
Field photographs of mafic rocks and silicic tuff in the Dongbo massif
图 5
东波超镁铁岩西南部边界玄武岩野外特征
Figure 5.
Field photographs of basalts in the southwestern margin of the Dongbo massif
图 6
东波蛇绿岩中火山-沉积岩理想柱状图
Figure 6.
Idealized lithologic columns of volcanic-sedimentary rocks unit in the southern and northern margins of the Dongbo massif
图 7
东波玄武岩的显微镜下照片
Figure 7.
Microtexture of basalts from the Dongbo ophiolite in the YZSZ, Tibet
图 8
东波蛇绿岩中硅质岩显微镜下照片
Figure 8.
Micro images of the radiolarian cherts from the Dongpo ophiolite in the western part of YZSZ, Tibet
图 9
东波蛇绿岩中玄武岩的Zr/TiO2-Nb/Y图解和SiO2-Zr/TiO2图解(底图据Winchester and Floyd, 1977)
Figure 9.
Zr/TiO2-Nb/Y and SiO2-Zr/TiO2diagrams for basalts of the Dongbo massif in the western part of the YZSZ, Tibet (base map after Winchester and Floyd, 1977)
图 10
东波玄武岩球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式图和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(标准化值据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Figure 10.
Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and primitive mantle-normalized trace elements patterns of basalts from Purang and Dongpo massifs (normalization values after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 11
东波蛇绿岩中硅质岩的REE配分模式(PAAS引自McLennan, 1989; 球粒陨石引自Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Figure 11.
REE patterns of siliceous rocks from the Dongpo ophiolite in the western part of YZSZ, Tibet (PAAS after McLennan, 1989; chondrite after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 12
东波蛇绿岩中玄武岩构造判别图解(a, 据Meschede, 1986；b, c，据Pearce, 2008)
Figure 12.
Tectonic discrimination diagram of basalts from the Dongbo ophiolite in the western part of the YZSZ, Tibet (a, after Meschede, 1986; b, c, after Pearce, 2008)
图 13
东波玄武岩(87Sr/86Sr)t-εNd(t) 相关图(a, 据Zindler and Hart, 1986) 和(87Sr/86Sr)t-(143Nd/144Nd)t图解(b, 据Hugh, 1993)
Figure 13.
Plot of initial (87Sr/86Sr)t-εNd(t) (a, after Zindler and Hart, 1986) and (87Sr/86Sr)t-(143Nd/144Nd)t (b, 据Hugh, 1993) diagrams of basalts in the Dongbo ophiolite
图 14
东波蛇绿岩中玄武岩Sm-Sm/Yb图解(a) 和La/Sm-Sm/Yb图解(b) (据Aldanmaz et al., 2000)
Figure 14.
Sm -Sm/Yb (a) and La/Sm-Sm/Yb (b) diagrams of basalts in the Dongbo ophiolite (after Aldanmaz et al., 2000)
图 15
东波蛇绿岩中硅质岩的沉积环境判别图解(底图据Girty et al., 1996)
Figure 15.
Discriminant diagrams for depositional settings of cherts in the Dongpo ophiolite (base map after Girty et al., 1996)
图 16
西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带中OIB型基性岩分布图(据Hébert et al., 2012; Yin and Harrison, 2000)
Figure 16.
Simplified tectonic map of the Yarluang Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ), showing outcrops of OIB or E-MORB-like basalts in the YZSZ (after Hébert et al., 2012; Yin and Harrison, 2000)
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