花岗岩的Sr-Yb分类及其地质意义
Granite classification on the basis of Sr and Yb contents and its implications.
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摘要: 研究表明,中酸性岩浆岩(包括SiO2>56%的中酸性火山岩和侵入岩)的Sr和Yb是两个非常有意义的地球化学指标,如果大致按照Sr=400×10-6和Yb=2×10-6为标志,可以划分出4类花岗岩,即高Sr低Yb(Sr>400×10-6,Yb<2×10-6)、低Sr低Yb(Sr<400×10-6,Yb<2×10-6)、低Sr高Yb(Sr<400×10-6,Yb>2×10-6)和高Sr高Yb(Sr>400×10-6,Yb>2×10-6)型花岗岩.其中,从低Sr高Yb型中还可以分出非常低Sr高Yb(Sr<100×10-6,Yb>2×10-6)的一类.因此,按照Sr和Yb含量的不同,可以将花岗岩分为5类.文中着重探讨了这5类花岗岩形成的源区深度问题,指出按照残留相组成和花岗岩地球化学特征,可以将花岗岩形成的压力分为3或4个级别即(1)高压下与石榴石平衡的花岗岩具有高Sr低Yb的特征;(2)在中等或较高压力、麻粒岩相(由斜长石+石榴石+角闪石+辉石组成)条件下,花岗岩具低Sr低Yb或高Sr高Yb的特点(取决于原岩成分);(3)低压下,残留相有斜长石无石榴石(角闪岩相),花岗岩为低Sr高Yb类型的;(4)与蛇绿岩有关的在洋壳剖面浅部由辉长岩部分熔融形成的M型花岗岩,具有非常低Sr高Yb的特点,形成深度约2~5km,可能是非常低压条件下形成的.研究表明,淡色花岗岩大多分布在低Sr低Yb区,部分正长岩和钾玄岩分布在高Sr高Yb区.藏南淡色花岗岩可能形成的压力较高.文中探讨了岩浆与深度的关系,得出了一些初步的认识,指出需要进一步研究的问题.为了得到经得起考验的结论,还需要更多资料的积累,更多理论的探讨和更多实验的佐证.
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Key words:
- Granites /
- Classification /
- Sr-Yb /
- Geochemistry /
- Depth /
- Pressure
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