Geochemical characteristics of basalts in Beilike area and its geological significance, Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
内蒙贝力克地区存在一片面积为400km2、以发育三级熔岩台地为特征的新生代玄武岩，台地时代分别为2.31~2.41Ma、1.56~1.61Ma、0.51~0.61Ma。岩性为具有过渡性质的拉斑玄武岩，分为石英拉斑玄武岩与橄榄拉斑玄武岩，它们都起源于具有交代性质的石榴石橄榄岩源区。地球化学特征显示这两种岩性之间没有演化关系，而是源区不同程度、深度部分熔融的结果；并且在上升过程中，都受到下地壳麻粒岩的混染作用，其中石英拉斑玄武岩混染程度最大。大地构造背景上，贝力克与赤峰同处在兴蒙造山带南缘，它们表现出与华北西部北缘(集宁、大同、汉诺坝、繁峙)相似的岩浆源区和岩石圈地幔热状态，但不同的富集岩石圈地幔类型，即兴蒙造山带南源呈现DMM-EMⅡ特点，而华北西部北缘具有DMM-EMⅠ混合趋势。这种差异可能与岩石圈地幔不同的时代及构造背景有关。在软流圈熔体与上覆岩石圈地幔相互反应的拉斑玄武岩成因模式基础上，认为华北岩石圈减薄现象不仅局限于克拉通内部，其处在克拉通西北部，乃至兴蒙造山带南缘也同样经历了岩石圈减薄过程，只是存在不同时间、程度的岩石圈减薄过程。
Abstract:The Beilike basalt, covering an area of about 400km2, consists of three levels of lava platforms at different elevations, and the age of each lava platform is 2.31~2.41Ma、1.56~1.61Ma、0.51~0.61Ma. The basalt which can be divided into quartz tholeiite and olivine tholeiite has an excessive nature of the characteristics, all being derived from the garnet peridotite source region. Based on the geochemistry characteristics, there does not exist the evolutionary relationship between the olive tholeiite and quartz tholeiite. They are interpreted to be resulted probably from the varying degrees of the garnet peridotite source region and the depth of partial melting. Both olive tholeiite and quartz tholeiite were affected by crustal contamination, but the latter is more obviously. Tectonically, both Beilike and Chifeng lie on the the southern margin of the Xing’an-Mongolia Orogen Belt, compared with the northern margin of North China Craton, they have a similar magma source and the lithospheric mantle thermal state, but different enrichment lithospheric mantle types, namely, the former displays a DMM-EMⅡ array different from the latter, it may be related to different ages and tectonic settings of the lithospheric mantle. Based on the asthenosphere-lithospheric mantle interaction model, lithospheric thinning phenomenon in North China is not confined to the craton, instead in northwest craton, and even the south margins of Xing’an-Mongolia Orogen Belt experienced lithospheric thinning too. They just have different time and degree of the lithospheric thinning process.
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图 1
华北地区大地构造简图(a, 据Xu et al., 2004; Ho et al., 2008, 2010; Han et al., 1999)和贝力克新生代玄武岩分布图(b, 据陈生生等, 2011)
Figure 1.
Geographical sketch map of the North China depicting the distribution of Cenozoic volcanic rocks (a, after Xu et al., 2004; Ho et al., 2008, 2010; Han et al., 1999) and distribution of Beilike Cenozoic basalts (b, after Chen et al., 2011)
图 2
贝力克三级熔岩台地野外照片(a)和熔岩台地年龄与高程相关图(b)
Figure 2.
Field picture of three levels of lava platforms in Beilike area (a) and relationship between elevation and age of basalts form Beilike area (b)
图 3
火山岩TAS图解(a, 据Le Bas et al., 1986;Ir: 碱性与亚碱性玄武岩分界线据Irvine and Baragar, 1971)、AFM图(b, 据Irvine and Baragar, 1971)和标准矿物图(c)
Figure 3.
Diagram of total alkalis vs. SiO2 (a, after Le Bas et al., 1986; Ir: the boundary line between alkaline series and the tholeiitic series after Irvine and Baragar, 1971), genetic classification of igneous rock (b, after Irvine and Baragar, 1971) and CIPW-norm diagram (c)
图 4
微量元素原始地幔标准化曲线和球粒陨石标准化曲线(球粒陨石、原始地幔标准值和OIB据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Figure 4.
Primitive-mantle normalized incompatible element diagrams and chondrite-normalized REE patterns for Beilike basalts (OIB and normalization values after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 5
玄武岩143Nd/144Nd-87Sr/86Sr图
Figure 5.
Diagram of 143Nd/144Nd vs. 87Sr/86Sr for Beilike basalts
图 6
玄武岩Nb/U-Ce/Pb图(a)和Nb-Zr/Nb图(b)
Figure 6.
Diagrams of Nb/U vs. Ce/Pb (a) and Nb vs. Zr/Nb (b)
图 7
玄武岩SiO2-(Tb/Yb)N图(a, 据Wang et al., 2002)和La/Yb-Dy/Yb图(b, 据Bogaard and Worner, 2003; Gilbert et al., 2006)
Figure 7.
Diagrams of SiO2 vs. (Tb/Yb)N (a, after Wang and Piant, 2002) and La/Yb vs. Dy/Yb (b, after Bogaard and Worner, 2003; Gilbert et al., 2006)
图 9
Sm/Nd-Lu/Hf相关图(a)和Ba/Nb-Zr/Nb相关图(b, 据Jung and Masberg, 1998)
Figure 9.
Diagram of Sm/Nd vs. Lu/Hf (a) and diagram of Ba/Nb vs. Zr/Nb (b, after Jung and Masberg, 1998)
图 10
Yb-(La/Sm)N相关图(a)和Yb-(Sm/Yb)N相关图(b)(据Humphreys and Niu et al., 2009)
Figure 10.
Diagram of Yb vs. (La/Sm)N (a) and Yb vs. (Sm/Yb)N (b) (after Humphreys and Niu et al., 2009)
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