Structure deformation and tectonic significance of Erqis fault zone in the southern margin of Chinese Altay
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摘要:
额尔齐斯断裂是中亚造山带中的一条重要深大断裂，对于额尔齐斯断裂运动性质一直有着走滑断层、逆冲断层和压扭性断层等不同看法。本文在中国阿尔泰造山带南缘开展了详细的构造地质学工作，研究结果表明，额尔齐斯断裂及其次级断裂组成额尔齐斯断裂带。额尔齐斯断裂带在中国境内是一条宽约20~40km，长约400km，经受不同程度构造作用的强应变带，剪切作用影响范围遍布整个中国阿尔泰造山带南缘。额尔齐斯断裂带经历了左行走滑和右行走滑两个阶段。结合前人有关韧性剪切带成因型金矿、同构造岩体侵位与变形关系及对变质岩石40Ar/39Ar年代学研究，本文认为额尔齐斯断裂带的左行走滑构造形成于早二叠世(283~275Ma)。早二叠世之后，额尔齐斯断裂带叠加了右行走滑事件，其活动时限可能为晚二叠世(260~245Ma)，其规模远远小于前期的左行走滑构造。额尔齐斯断裂带走滑活动性质的确定，为二叠纪北疆及整个中亚造山带造山后调整过程中不同的构造方式提供了佐证。
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关键词:
- 韧性剪切带 /
- 左行走滑 /
- 右行走滑 /
- 额尔齐斯断裂带 /
- 中国阿尔泰造山带南缘
Abstract:As one of the most significant regional faults in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, the Erqis fault was hotly debated on its kinematics. Three representative models have been proposed: strike-slip fault, thrust fault or transpressional fault. Our work in southern margin of the Chinese Altay indicates that the Erqis fault and its subordinate faults compose the Erqis fault zone, which is a ductile high strain zone with 20~40km in width and 400km in length, and experienced variable deformation. All the southern margin of the Chinese Altay was influenced by ductile shearing. The Erqis fault zone experienced two tectonic events: sinistral strike-slip and dextral strike-slip shearing. Combining our work with the existing studies of the ductile-shear-zone-type gold deposits, syntectonic deformed plutons and 40Ar/39Ar ages in metamorphic rocks, it is inferred that the sinistral strike-slip event occurred in the Early Permian (283~275Ma). Thereafter, probably in the Late Permian (260~245Ma), the Erqis fault zone was partially modified by a dextral strike-slip event which was much weaker than the former. Furthermore, based on the establishment of the kinematic model of the Erqis fault zone, important lines of evidence have been brought forward to discussing the post-orogenic adjustment during the Permian in North Xinjiang and the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.
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图 1
中国阿尔泰造山带构造地质简图(据何国琦等，1990；Windley et al., 2002修改)
Figure 1.
Simplified structural geological map of Chinese Altay (modified after He et al., 1990; Windley et al., 2002)
图 2
额尔齐斯断裂带剖面图
Figure 2.
Cross-sections along Erqis fault zone in the southern margin of Chinese Altay
图 3
额尔齐斯断裂带构造要素图(施密特网下半球投影)
Figure 3.
Structural analysis of the planar and linear elements along the Erqis fault zone (Schmidt net, lower hemisphere)
图 4
额尔齐斯断裂带西北单元的构造变形特征
Figure 4.
Photographs of sinistral and dextral strike-slip structures in Northwestern Unit of the Erqis fault zone
图 5
额尔齐斯断裂带东南单元的构造变形特征
Figure 5.
Photographs of sinistral and dextral strike-slip structures in Southeastern Unit of the Erqis fault zone
图 6
额尔齐斯断裂带40Ar/39Ar年代学数据分布图
Figure 6.
40Ar/39Ar geochronological results along the Erqis fault zone
图 7
额尔齐斯断裂带经过不同尺度构造分析并严格验证的左行走滑和右行走滑构造要素赤平投影结果
Figure 7.
Stereogram of the structural elements related to sinistral and dextral strike-slips in the Erqis fault zone
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