大兴安岭南段林西地区花岗岩类的源岩:地壳生长的时代和方式
Sources of material for the Linxi granitoids, the southern segment of the Da Hinggan Mts.: when and how continental crust grew?
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摘要: 本文选择大兴安岭南段林西地区的5个典型花岗岩体,在岩相学、全岩主微量元素和Nd-Sr同位素组成研究的基础上,对5个岩体的继承锆石/前锆石和岩浆锆石进行了系统的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄测定和LA-MC-ICPMS Hf同位素组成测定,试图阐明林西花岗岩源岩的组成和性质.锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年表明:大部分林西花岗岩侵位于早白垩世(135~125 Ma),它们的源岩的年龄为~146 Ma.一部分花岗岩类是在早三叠世(241 Ma)和晚侏罗世末(146 Ma)侵位的,它们的源岩的年龄分别是263 Ma和165 Ma.测定了100个锆石206Pb/238U年龄,都年轻于300 Ma,反映在下地壳源区不存在前寒武纪岩石.做了175个锆石Hf同位素组成测定,均给出高正值εHf(t),说明源岩具有初生地壳的性质.在相同的εNd(t)值下,林西花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)值显著高于地球阵列和夏威夷洋岛玄武岩,这种εHf~εNd脱耦性指示源岩中含有远洋沉积物即古生代俯冲增生杂岩的组分.206pb/238U年龄t=263~165Ma的锆石的εHf(t)值构成近乎平行于亏损地幔Hf同位素演化线的趋势列,说明源岩基本为俯冲洋壳镁铁-超镁铁岩.t=146~125 Ma的锆石的εHf(t)值大幅度降低;同时,从晚侏罗世末到早白垩世,发生了强烈的花岗质岩浆活动.地幔上隆和岩浆底侵以及俯冲洋壳的折返,是造成下地壳源岩组成急剧变化和热梯度上升的原因.以底侵镁铁质岩石为主、以古生代俯冲增生杂岩为次的源岩的熔融,产生了马鞍子、夜来改和龙头山2花岗岩(岩套2).林西镇南西的小城子岩体的源岩则以古生代俯冲增生杂岩为主,并含一定量的底侵镁铁质岩石.5个岩体的岩浆锆石的176Hf/177Hf值系统低于继承锆石/前锆石者,t=146~125 Ma的锆石从中心到边缘176H/177Hf值呈现降低的趋势或者系统的变化.上述特征反映从源岩的初始熔融直到最终产生花岗岩浆的全过程中,下地壳的熔融区间逐渐扩张、卷入熔融的组分不断增多的过程.岩套1花岗岩类是镁质或Ⅰ型花岗岩,岩套2则表现出A型花岗岩以及从典型到不典型的铁质花岗岩的特征.岩套1和岩套2花岗岩类的岩相学和地球化学特征取决于源岩的性质.岩套1的源岩是相对氧化和含水的洋壳镁铁-超镁铁岩或俯冲增生杂岩;岩套2的源岩则由相对还原和贫水的底侵拉斑玄武岩以及不同分数的俯冲增生杂岩构成.
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关键词:
- 大陆地壳生长 /
- 来自初生岩石的继承锆石/前锆石 /
- 洋壳 /
- 俯冲增生杂岩 /
- 底侵
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