青藏高原高Mg^#和低Mg^#两类钾质-超钾质火山岩及其源区性质
High Mg^# and Low Mg^# potassic-ultrapotassic volcanic rocks and their source nature on the Tibetan plateau
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摘要: 通过对青藏高原碰撞后钾质-超钾质火山岩的对比分析,提出青藏高原存在羌塘-芒康-滇西（44～28Ma）和冈底斯（25～12Ma）两条高Mg^#钾质-超钾质火山岩带,而可可西里、西昆仑-东昆仑的新生代火山岩则为低Mg^#钾质火山岩.高Mg^#钾质-超钾质火山岩的化学成分均相对高镁低铁和贫钛,微量元素组成以具有类似岛弧火山岩的K/Nb、K/La、Rb/Nb、Pb/La、Ba/La等比值为特征.低Mg^#钾质-超钾质火山岩相对富铁贫镁和高钛,上述元素比值小于岛弧火山岩,大于和近似于洋岛玄武岩,指示岩浆源区富集组分有软流圈流体的贡献.羌塘-芒康的高Mg^#高钾钙碱性和高Mg^#钾玄岩系列指示高原中部受到陆内俯冲作用的影响;30Ma前俯冲板片断离,软流圈上涌,富集岩石圈地幔熔融形成羌塘低Mg^#过碱性钾质-超钾质系列.综合地球物理资料,提出青藏高原在印度大陆岩石圈的强力楔入下,高原内部软流圈物质沿欧亚岩石圈地幔俯冲板片的顶部向北东和南东挤出,使上覆岩石圈地幔发生剪切破裂,形成一系列串珠状高速体与低速体的相间分布,并随时间不断向北扩展.这也是阿尔金和滇西走滑系的深部动力源.正是软流圈与岩石圈的这种相互作用形成了可可西里和西昆仑-东昆仑低Mg^#钾玄质火山岩的软流圈-岩石圈地幔的混源特征.藏南高Mg^#超钾质岩浆源区的显著幔壳混合特征则可能来自印度大陆岩石圈俯冲作用的影响.
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关键词:
- 高Mg^#钾质-超钾质火山岩 /
- 岩浆源区 /
- 地球化学 /
- 青藏高原
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