辽宁红透山铜锌块状硫化物矿床的变质变形和成矿组分再活化
Deformation, metamorphism and ore-component remobilization of the Archaean massive sulphide deposit at Hongtoushan, Liaoning province
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摘要: 辽宁红透山铜-锌块状硫化物产在太古宙绿岩带中，矿床形成后经历了强烈的变形和变质，变质程度达高级角闪岩相。野外和显微镜研究表明，矿石在进变质过程中发生过强烈的机械再活化和重结晶，但各种进变质结构大部分已被变质峰期的全面重结晶所清除，目前保存着的结构主要是变质峰期和退变质过程的产物。退变质过程以黄铁矿变斑晶生长、矿石糜棱岩的形成、二次退火和化学再活化为特征。矿床中高度富集铜和金的矿石是韧性剪切形成的矿石糜棱岩受退变质流体叠加而成。磁黄铁矿主要是同生沉积后重结晶的产物，另有一部分由退变质热液形成，而黄铁矿变斑晶则有沉积一重结晶、磁黄铁矿退变质脱硫和热液叠加多种成因。世界各地块状硫化物矿床中的磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿各有三种成因类型。磁黄铁矿的类型有：同生沉积．变质重结晶、同生沉积黄铁矿变质和退变质热液充填或交代；黄铁矿的类型有：同生沉积-变质重结晶、磁黄铁矿退变质脱硫和退变质热液充填或交代。红透山矿区的退变质流体具有从早到晚氧逸度升高的趋势。Abstract: The Hongtoushan copper-zinc massive sulphide deposit of Liaoning Province, NE China, which occurs in an Archaean greenstone belt, has undergone intensive post-ore deformation and metamorphism to upper amphibolite facies. Field and microscopic investigation shows that the ore underwent extensive mechanical remobilization and recrystallization in the course of prograde metamorphism. However, a variety of prograde ore textures have largely been erased by comprehensive recrystallization at peak conditions, such that the remaining textures were essentially formed during peak metamorphism and subsequent diaphthoresis. Retrograde metamorphism at Hongtoushan is characterized by porphyroblastic growth of pyrite, formation of ore mylonite, secondary annealing and chemical remobilization. Oreshoots highly enriched in copper and gold in the deposit were actually ore mylonite formed by ductile shearing and subsequent fluid overprinting. The majority of pyrrhotite in the deposit is originally sedimentary and has presently been recrystallized with minority being formed by retrograde fluids, whereas porphyroblastic pyrite grew as a result of metamorphic recrystallization of sedimentary pyrite, desulphurization of pyrrhotite and subsequent overprinting by retrograde fluids. Both pyrrhotite and pyrite in global massive sulphide deposits can be classified broadly into three genetic types. Types of pyrrhotite include: 1 ) synsedimentary and then metamorphosed and recrystallized pyrrhotite, 2 ) pyrrhotite from phase conversion of synsedimentary pyrite during metamorphism, 3) fissure-filling or replacive pyrrhotite from retrograde fluids. Types of pyrite include: 1) synsedimentary and then metamorphosed and recrystallized pyrite, 2) pyrite from retrograde desulphurization of pyrrhotite, 3) fissure-filling or replacive pyrite from retrograde fluids. Retrograde fluids at Hongtoushan evolved with time toward increasing oxygen fugacity.
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Key words:
- Copper /
- Gold /
- Pyrite /
- Pyrrhotite /
- Massive sulphide deposit /
- Ductile shear zone /
- Remobilization /
- Hongtoushan
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