TSR对深部碳酸盐岩储层的溶蚀改造——四川盆地深部碳酸盐岩优质储层形成的重要方式
Dissolution and alteration of the deep carbonate reservoirs by TSR: an important type of deep-buried high-quality carbonate reservoirs in Sichuan basin
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摘要: 四川盆地海相层系发现的大气藏都含或高含硫化氢，都发育一定厚度的优质储层，而且优质储层与硫化氢分布具有密切的关系，即气藏硫化氢含量越高，储层性质越好，气藏产能也越大。研究发现，在TSR（硫酸盐热化学还原反应）过程中，随着膏质岩类的溶解（为TSR反应提供SO4^2-），使储集孔隙初步得到改善；而TSR产生的硫化氢溶于水形成的氢硫酸，具有强烈腐蚀性，加速了储层中白云岩的溶蚀，形成孔隙极其发育的海绵状孔洞体系，并呈层状分布。电镜下可以清晰看到白云石晶面的溶蚀坑及溶孔中TSR产生的硫磺晶体。溶孔中自生碳酸盐的碳同位素在-10.3‰～-18．2‰，而地层碳酸盐的碳同位素在＋3.7‰～＋0．9‰，证实了TSR过程中有机-无机的相互作用，即有机成因烃类中的碳转移到次生碳酸盐岩中。包裹体分析表明，次生方解石中的包体富含硫化氢，且均一温度多数在160℃以上，具备TSR发生的温度条件；硫化氢和硫磺的硫同住素比地层硫酸盐的硫同住素偏轻8‰左右，是TSR作用的证据。因此高含硫化氢气藏的优质储层是在早期埋藏溶蚀作用的基础上。后期发生TSR及其形成的酸性流体对深埋碳酸盐岩储层再次进行深刻改造和强烈溶蚀作用的结果；同时可以运用硫化氢来预测碳酸盐岩优质储层的分布。
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Key words:
- TSR /
- hydrogen sulphide /
- burial dissolution /
- deep-buried carbonate reservoirs /
- Feixianguan Formation /
- Sichuan basin
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