赣北大湖塘矿集区超大型钨矿地质特征及成因探讨
Geological characteristic and ore genesis of the giant tungsten deposits from the Dahutang ore-concentrated district in northern Jiangxi Province
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摘要: 江西北部大湖塘地区发现世界级超大型钨矿床,使赣北成为继赣南之后我国又一重要的钨成矿省。大湖塘矿集区包括北区、南区和大雾塘矿区,正在开采的矿床有北区的石门寺矿床(己探明WO3金属量为74.255×104t)和南区的狮尾洞矿床(己探明WO3金属量31.09×104t),正在找矿勘查的矿区有北区的大岭上、大雾塘矿区平苗、东陡崖、一矿带等。矿化类型有细脉浸染型、石英大脉型、蚀变花岗岩型、云英岩型及隐爆角砾岩型钨(铜、钼)矿等多种类型, 黑钨矿与白钨矿矿体共存、钨铜共生是该矿区成矿的显著特征。区内出露的沉积地层为新元古代双桥山群浅变质岩,岩浆岩为晋宁期的黑云母花岗闪长岩和燕山期多种岩性的花岗岩。燕山期主要有两期,早期为斑状花岗岩, 成岩年龄约144Ma,如狮尾洞矿床的似斑状白云母(二云母)花岗岩、石门寺矿床的斑状黑云母花岗岩等, 晚期为狮尾洞和大岭上矿床产出的中细粒花岗岩或花岗斑岩, 成岩年龄约135~130Ma。这些岩浆的源区很可能来源于双桥山群的泥质变质沉积岩。富钨铜等成矿元素的双桥山群泥质变质岩部分熔融可初步形成含矿花岗岩浆,岩浆在高度结晶分异过程中则可使得钨铜等金属进一步富集在岩浆热液中,通过两期岩浆与成矿作用,最终形成超大型的大湖塘钨矿床。Abstract: The Dahutang ore concentrated district, located in the northern Jiangxi Province of South China, discovered recently the world class giant tungsten deposit, which makes this area a new important tungsten province after the South Jiangxi tungsten province. The Dahutang ore-concentrated district can be divided into three mining and prospecting sections: the North section, the South section, and the Dawutang section. Two currently mining ore deposits include the Shimensi deposit in the North section, and the Shiweidong deposit in the South section; other deposits are currently under exploration, such as the Dalingshang, Pingmiao, Dongdouya, and No.1 ore belt, etc. The ore types include disseminated veinlet type, large quartz vein type, alteration granite type, greisens type, and hydrothermal breccias type. Co-existing wolframite and scheelite orebodies and the co-occurrence of tungsten and copper mineralization are two main features in the Dahutang deposits. The sedimentary strata in the district consist of the Neoproterozoic Shuangqiaoshan Formation of slate and metasandstone. The magmatic rocks include the Neoproterozoic biotite granodiorite and various types of Cretaceous granitic rocks. The Cretaceous granites include an early stage porphyritic granite, dated at ~144Ma, and a later medium-fine grained granite and granite porphyry with ages of 135~130Ma. All these granitic rocks were likely generated via partially melting of basement rocks of the Shuangqiaoshan Formation which are tungsten and copper enriched. During the extremely fractionation of the granitic magma, metals such as tungsten and copper were concentrated into the late magmatic hydrothermal fluids, and finally deposited as giant orebodies via a two-stage magmatism and mineralization process.
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