长江中下游成矿带及邻区地壳速度结构：来自利辛-宜兴宽角地震资料的约束
Crustal structure beneath the Middle-Lower Yangtze metallogenic belt and its surrounding areas：Constraints from active source seismic experiment along the Lixin to Yixing profile in East China
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摘要: 为了理解长江中下游地区在中生代成矿的深部动力学过程，Sinoprobe-03-02项目于2011年9月至10月，在跨宁芜矿集区和郯庐断裂带实施了从安徽利辛至江苏宜兴450km长的宽角反射/折射地震剖面。速度剖面结果显示，Moho面深度和地壳速度结构在郯庐断裂两侧东西方向存在明显的差异：（1）在东部扬子块体内部，地壳覆盖层厚3~5km，西部的合肥盆地下方，则达到4~7km。（2）剖面平均Moho面深度为30~32km左右，在郯庐断裂下方，Moho面深度在35km左右；在宁芜矿集区下方，Moho面整体深度偏浅，达30~31km左右，但局部范围内，Moho面深度至34km左右。（3）剖面的下地壳平均速度在6.5~6.6km/s左右，在宁芜矿集区下方，下地壳速度偏低，为6.4~6.5km/s左右。剖面上地幔顶部的速度结构平均在8.0~8.2km/s。在宁芜矿集区下方，速度偏低，为7.9~8.1km/s左右。（4）郯庐断裂带的下方，从地表开始，还存在20多千米长的低速异常带，一直延伸到Moho面附近。剖面的宁芜矿集区下方Moho面上隆、下地壳及上地幔的低速异常等壳幔结构特征，预示下地壳不以榴辉岩残体为主，支持燕山期地幔岩浆的上涌和侵入并成矿，是热上涌物质的源地。Abstract: To understand the formation and the tectonic process of the Mesozoic Middle-Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt (YMB), the SinoProbe program conducted a 450km-long active source seismic experiment along a profile from Lixing to Yixing. We herein present the modeling results and the interpretations of the crustal velocity structure obtained with this wide-angle seismic dataset. Our results show: (1) The thickness of the sedimentary layer is 3~5km in the Yangtze block, and 4~7km in the Hefei basin. (2) The average Moho depth is 30~32km along the profile. The Moho depth is up to 35km beneath the Tan-lu Fault, and shallows up to 30~31km beneath the Ningwu ore district. (3) The average velocity of the lower crust is 6.5~6.6km/s along the profile, decreases to 6.4~6.5km/s beneath the Ningwu ore district. The average velocity of uppermost mantle is 8.0~8.2km/s along the profile, decreases to 7.9~8.1km/s beneath the Ningwu ore district. (4) An over 20-km long low velocity belt is seen from the surface to the Moho nearby. The Moho uplift, the low velocity anomalies in the lower crust and the uppermost mantle, all these features can be reasonably regarded as the relics of past asthenosphere upwelling and lithosphere thinning, therefore support the Mesozoic magmatism and mineralization to be consequence of mantle upwelling process.
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